Nouvelle topologie d'antennes multi-bandes pour applications spatiales

L'interet pour les antennes multi-bandes ne fait que croitre, en particulier dans le but de reduire le nombre d'antennes bord et sol en associant plusieurs applications sur une meme antenne. La plupart des antennes multi-bandes publiees dans la litterature presentent des frequences de fonctionnement correlees et par consequent les rapports entre ces frequences ne sont pas independants et aisement controlables. De plus, aux differentes frequences de fonctionnement, les diagrammes de rayonnement de ces antennes sont souvent peu semblables et difficilement modifiables. Dans ce contexte, une nouvelle topologie d'antennes multi-bandes possedant des rapports de frequences de resonance independants et aisement ajustables est proposee. Le dimensionnement simple des elements rayonnants de cette antenne lui confere l'avantage d'etre flexible, c'est a dire qu'elle peut etre facilement modifiee pour satisfaire d'autres applications ou bandes de frequences. L'antenne est constituee de quatre elements rayonnants identiques imprimes sur les quatre faces d'une pyramide. Le fonctionnement multi-bande (ou reconfigurable) de l'antenne est obtenu a l'aide de trappes (ou d'interrupteurs radiofrequences (RF)). Le chargement original de l'antenne pyramidale par un guide d'onde sous coupure a permis la reduction voire le controle du rayonnement arriere. L'antenne rayonne une polarisation circulaire ou lineaire en fonction des differentes amplitudes et phases qui alimentent les quatre elements. Une architecture originale de circuit d'alimentation permettant d'alimenter l'antenne pyramidale multi-bande pour l'obtention d'une diversite de polarisation circulaire (droite / gauche) est egalement decrite. Enfin, des applications en radionavigation et en telemesure de l'antenne pyramidale multi-bande incluant des simulations electromagnetiques et des mesures ont permis la validation du concept propose.

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