Learning Curve: A Simulation-Based Approach to Dynamic Pricing

By employing dynamic pricing, sellers have the potential to increase their revenue by selling their goods at prices customized to the buyers' demand, the market environment, and the seller's supply at the moment of the transaction. As dynamic pricing becomes a necessary competitive maneuver, and as market mechanisms become more complex, there is a growing need for software agents to be used to automate the task of implementing instantaneous price changes. But prior to using dynamic pricing agents, sellers need to understand the implications of agent pricing strategies on their marketplaces. The following article presents the Learning Curve Simulator, a market simulator designed for analyzing agent pricing strategies in markets under finite time horizons and fluctuation buyer demand. Through an in-depth description of the simulator's capabilities and an example of strategy analysis, we demonstrate the strength of a simulation-based approach to understanding agent pricing strategies.

[1]  D. Simchi-Levi,et al.  Dynamic Pricing and the Direct-to-Customer Model in the Automotive Industry , 2005, Electron. Commer. Res..

[2]  Benoît Leloup,et al.  Dynamic Pricing on the Internet: Theory and Simulations , 2001, Electron. Commer. Res..

[3]  Garrett J. van Ryzin,et al.  A Multiproduct Dynamic Pricing Problem and Its Applications to Network Yield Management , 1997, Oper. Res..

[4]  Jeffrey O. Kephart,et al.  Strategic pricebot dynamics , 1999, EC '99.

[5]  R. Bellman Dynamic programming. , 1957, Science.

[6]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Agent-Mediated Integrative Negotiation for Retail Electronic Commerce , 1998, AMET.

[7]  Cary A. Deck,et al.  Interactions of automated pricing algorithms: an experimental investigation , 2000, EC '00.

[8]  B. Venkateshwara Rao,et al.  Special Issue: OR/MS and E-Business: E-Commerce and Operations Research in Airline Planning, Marketing, and Distribution , 2001, Interfaces.

[9]  J. P. Bailey,et al.  Understanding Digital Markets: Review and Assessment , 2001 .

[10]  Edmund H. Durfee,et al.  Automated strategy searches in an electronic goods market: learning and complex price schedules , 1999, EC '99.

[11]  Jeffrey O. Kephart,et al.  Shopbot Economics , 1999, AGENTS '99.

[12]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Sardine: An Agent-facilitated Airline Ticket Bidding System , 2000 .

[13]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Dynamic pricing strategies under a finite time horizon , 2001, EC '01.

[14]  G. Ryzin,et al.  Optimal dynamic pricing of inventories with stochastic demand over finite horizons , 1994 .

[15]  Michael V. Marn,et al.  Getting prices right on the Web , 2001 .

[16]  Jeffrey I. McGill,et al.  Revenue Management: Research Overview and Prospects , 1999, Transp. Sci..

[17]  Quantitative analysis for Internet-enabled supply chains , 2000 .

[18]  Pablo Noriega,et al.  Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce: First International Workshop on Agent Mediated Electronic Trading, AMET'98, Minneapolis, MN, USA, May 10th, 1998 Selected Papers , 1999 .

[19]  Ramayya Krishnan,et al.  Pricing strategies on the Web: evidence from the online book industry , 2000, EC '00.

[20]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Learning Curve: Analysis of an Agent Pricing Strategy Under Varying Conditions , 2001 .

[21]  D. Ariely,et al.  Focusing on the Forgone: How Value Can Appear So Different to Buyers and Sellers , 2000 .

[22]  Jeffrey O. Kephart,et al.  Dynamic pricing by software agents , 2000, Comput. Networks.