A basis for the selection of binders for chip sealing

Different properties are required of seal binders at different stages of construction and service life. Residual binder must have adequate chip retention properties and resistance to bleeding under high temperatures, and adequate resistance to cracking under low temperatures. At the time of chip application the binder must be sufficiently fluid to wet the chip, but sufficiently viscous to retain it under passing traffic. As sprayed, the binder must be of suitable viscosity for the efficient operation of the sprayer jets. Criteria for each condition are proposed, and examples are given of application to field sealing operations.