Based on data from the air quality monitoring stations in the Pearl River Delta during the 2015 Spring Festival, the regional air quality was investigated and the impact of burning fireworks on urban air quality was assessed. The results showed that: Zhaoqing was the worst polluted city in PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, SO₂ and CO in terms of concentrations in the region during the period, Huizhou was the worst polluted city in O₃ and Guangzhou was the most polluted city in NO₂ at the same time. Compared to the data of last year, the SO₂, NO₂, CO, PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ concentrations had decreased significantly, but the O₃ concentration had increased during the Spring Festival. Burning fireworks during the Spring Festival were mainly concentrated in the suburbs. The concentrated discharge of fireworks made the SO₂, PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ concentrations increased significantly in the New Year's Eve night, even multiplied, but had no significant effect on CO, O₃ and NO₂. The rapid decline in PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ proportion was caused by the discharge of fireworks, and the ratio of PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ reached the minimum when concentration of particles reached the peak. By assessing, the maximum contribution of hourly concentration from burning fireworks in each city was between 16 µg · m⁻³ and 65 µg · m⁻³ for PM₂.₅, between 28 µg · m⁻³ and 138 µg · m⁻³ for PM₁₀ and between 9 µg · m⁻³ and 43 µg · m⁻³ for SO₂.