Modeling Narrative Conflict to Generate Interesting Stories

From subtle political intrigue to outright physical combat, conflict is essential to interesting stories. Narratology research emphasizes that conflict provides structure and engagement, so narrative systems stand to benefit greatly from a computational model of this phenomenon. We present such a model based on AI planing, along with formulas for measuring seven essential properties: participants, subject, duration, directness, intensity, balance, and resolution. We also sketch an algorithm which uses this model to create stories structured around a central struggle.

[1]  Richard J. Gerrig,et al.  Experiencing Narrative Worlds: On the Psychological Activities of Reading , 1993 .

[2]  Paul Smith,et al.  Two families: dynamical policy models in interactive storytelling , 2007, IE '07.

[3]  Richard Fikes,et al.  STRIPS: A New Approach to the Application of Theorem Proving to Problem Solving , 1971, IJCAI.

[4]  M. D. Dunnette Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology , 2005 .

[5]  Michael Brenner Creating Dynamic Story Plots with Continual Multiagent Planning , 2010, AAAI.

[6]  H. Abbott The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative , 2020 .

[7]  Chris Crawford,et al.  Chris Crawford on Game Design , 2003 .

[8]  James R. Meehan,et al.  TALE-SPIN, An Interactive Program that Writes Stories , 1977, IJCAI.

[9]  Vladimir Propp,et al.  Morphology of the folktale , 1959 .

[10]  Marc Cavazza,et al.  Controlling Narrative Generation with Planning Trajectories: The Role of Constraints , 2009, ICIDS.

[11]  Robert Michael Young,et al.  Comparing Cognitive and Computational Models of Narrative Structure , 2004, AAAI.

[12]  Robert Michael Young,et al.  Open-World Planning for Story Generation , 2005, IJCAI.

[13]  David S. Miall Experiencing narrative worlds: On the psychological activities of reading , 2000 .

[14]  Nicolas Szilas,et al.  Interactive drama on computer : beyond linear narrative , 1999 .

[15]  Marvin D. Dunnette,et al.  The Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. , 1978 .

[16]  Marc Cavazza,et al.  Character-Based Interactive Storytelling , 2002, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[17]  Ian H. Witten,et al.  A Planning Mechanism for Generating Story Text , 1991 .

[18]  Nikitas M. Sgouros Dynamic Generation, Management and Resolution of Interactive Plots , 1999, Artif. Intell..

[19]  Daniel Kudenko,et al.  Dynamic Generation of Dilemma-based Interactive Narratives , 2007, AIIDE.

[20]  Brian Magerko,et al.  Using conflict theory to model complex societal interactions , 2008, Future Play.

[21]  Marie-Laure Ryan,et al.  Routledge encyclopedia of narrative theory , 2005 .

[22]  Michael Lebowitz,et al.  Story-telling as planning and learning , 1985 .

[23]  Stephen G. Ware,et al.  Rethinking Traditional Planning Assumptions to Facilitate Narrative Generation , 2010, AAAI Fall Symposium: Computational Models of Narrative.

[24]  Marc Cavazza,et al.  Narratology for Interactive Storytelling: A Critical Introduction , 2006, TIDSE.

[25]  L. Egri The Art of Dramatic Writing , 2007 .