Thyroid disruption properties of three indoor dust chemicals tested in Silurana tropicalis tadpoles

Indoor dust contains a multitude of industrial chemicals, and ingestion of dust is considered an important exposure route to organic contaminants. Some of these contaminants have been shown to interfere with the thyroid system, which may result in significant consequences on public health. The amphibian metamorphosis is a thyroid hormone‐dependent process, which can be used as an in vivo model for studies on thyroid hormone‐disrupting potency. Three contaminants of indoor dust were tested on metamorphosing Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis tadpoles. The tested chemicals were Tris (1,3‐dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCiPP), tetrabromobisphenol‐A (TBBPA) and propylparaben (PrP). Measurements reflecting general growth, development progress and thyroid epithelial cell height were performed on the exposed tadpoles as well as chemical analyses of the exposure water. It was shown that TDCiPP acts as a thyroid hormone‐disrupting chemical in metamorphosing tadpoles by causing increased epithelial cell height in thyroid glands after exposure to a nominal concentration of 0.010 mg/L and in higher concentrations. TBBPA caused reductions in general growth of tadpoles at the nominal concentration 0.125 mg/L, and PrP caused acute toxicity at the nominal concentration 12.5 mg/L. However, no evident indications of specific thyroid‐disrupting effects caused by TBBPA or PrP were observed.

[1]  H. Stapleton,et al.  Associations between flame retardant applications in furniture foam, house dust levels, and residents' serum levels. , 2017, Environment international.

[2]  T. Visser,et al.  Interactions of Persistent Environmental Organohalogens With the Thyroid Hormone System: Mechanisms and Possible Consequences for Animal and Human Health , 1998, Toxicology and industrial health.

[3]  Kurt E. Johnson,et al.  Normal Table of Xenopus Laevis , 1968, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[4]  Kyung-Chul Choi,et al.  Potential estrogenic effect(s) of parabens at the prepubertal stage of a postnatal female rat model. , 2010, Reproductive toxicology.

[5]  Y. Kamata,et al.  Examination of an amphibian metamorphosis assay under an individual-separated exposure system using Silurana tropicalis tadpoles. , 2012, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[6]  I. Meerts,et al.  Potent competitive interactions of some brominated flame retardants and related compounds with human transthyretin in vitro. , 2000, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[7]  C. Sonne,et al.  Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) liver and thyroid gland histopathology as a result of in ovo exposure to the flame retardants tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate and Dechlorane Plus , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[8]  B. Rousset.  Antithyroid effect of a food or drug preservative: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester , 1981, Experientia.

[9]  G. M. Richardson,et al.  Is house dust the missing exposure pathway for PBDEs? An analysis of the urban fate and human exposure to PBDEs. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[10]  Effects of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate on pathomorphology and gene/protein expression related to thyroid disruption in rats. , 2016, Toxicology research.

[11]  June-Soo Park,et al.  Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in California women's serum and residential dust. , 2015, Environmental research.

[12]  R. Currie,et al.  Challenges and approaches to conducting and interpreting the amphibian metamorphosis assay and the fish short-term reproduction assay. , 2014, Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology.

[13]  S. Kennedy,et al.  In Ovo effects of two organophosphate flame retardants--TCPP and TDCPP--on pipping success, development, mRNA expression, and thyroid hormone levels in chicken embryos. , 2013, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[14]  Guonian Zhu,et al.  Waterborne exposure to triadimefon causes thyroid endocrine disruption and developmental delay in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. , 2016, Aquatic toxicology.

[15]  A. Calafat,et al.  Urinary Concentrations of Parabens and Serum Hormone Levels, Semen Quality Parameters, and Sperm DNA Damage , 2010, Environmental health perspectives.

[16]  P. Kosian,et al.  Metamorphic inhibition of Xenopus laevis by sodium perchlorate: Effects on development and thyroid histology , 2005, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[17]  K. Main,et al.  Thyroid effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals , 2012, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[18]  A. Bignert,et al.  Cats' Internal Exposure to Selected Brominated Flame Retardants and Organochlorines Correlated to House Dust and Cat Food. , 2017, Environmental science & technology.

[19]  W. Völkel,et al.  Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in the air and dust in German daycare centers and human biomonitoring in visiting children (LUPE 3). , 2014, Environment international.

[20]  F. Guillén-Grima,et al.  The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: a meta-analysis. , 2014, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[21]  都築 政起.  ウズラ(Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica)(生物材料インデックス) , 2013 .

[22]  Olivier Thomas,et al.  Organic contamination of settled house dust, a review for exposure assessment purposes. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[23]  TG 442D.  OECD GUIDELINE FOR THE TESTING OF CHEMICALS In Vitro Skin Sensitisation: ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase Test Method , 2000 .

[24]  T. Hamers,et al.  In Silico Approach To Identify Potential Thyroid Hormone Disruptors among Currently Known Dust Contaminants and Their Metabolites. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[25]  L. Giudice,et al.  State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals - 2012 , 2012 .

[26]  M. Iida,et al.  Anti-thyroid hormonal activity of tetrabromobisphenol A, a flame retardant, and related compounds: Affinity to the mammalian thyroid hormone receptor, and effect on tadpole metamorphosis. , 2005, Life sciences.

[27]  K. Kannan,et al.  Occurrence and Distribution of Organophosphate Flame Retardants/Plasticizers in Surface Waters, Tap Water, and Rainwater: Implications for Human Exposure. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[28]  A. Covaci,et al.  A review of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor environment: occurrence in consumer products, indoor air and dust. , 2018, Chemosphere.

[29]  G. Carlsson,et al.  The impact of the goitrogen 6-propylthiouracil (PTU) on West-African clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) exposed during metamorphosis. , 2007, Aquatic toxicology.

[30]  D G Joakim Larsson,et al.  Effluent from bulk drug production is toxic to aquatic vertebrates , 2009, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[31]  Yongyong Guo,et al.  xposure of zebrafish embryos / larvae to TDCPP alters concentrations f thyroid hormones and transcriptions of genes involved in the ypothalamic – pituitary – thyroid axis , 2012 .

[32]  R. Opitz,et al.  Effects of tetrabromobisphenol A on larval development and thyroid hormone-regulated biomarkers of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. , 2006, Environmental research.

[33]  Donald D. Brown,et al.  Amphibian metamorphosis. , 2007, Developmental biology.

[34]  Z. Dang.  Endpoint sensitivity in Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay. , 2019, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[35]  N. Marsh-Armstrong,et al.  Metamorphosis is inhibited in transgenic Xenopus laevis tadpoles that overexpress type III deiodinase. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  Signaling by nuclear receptors. , 2013, Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology.

[37]  I. Egli,et al.  Iodine status worldwide: WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency , 2004 .

[38]  H. Oda,et al.  Detection of Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Binding Activities of Chemicals Using a Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay , 2003 .

[39]  Timo Hamers,et al.  In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. , 2006, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[40]  C. Rose,et al.  Deconstructing cartilage shape and size into contributions from embryogenesis, metamorphosis, and tadpole and frog growth , 2015, Journal of anatomy.

[41]  P. Kulkarni,et al.  Distribution of BDE-99 and effects on metamorphosis of BDE-99 and -47 after oral exposure in Xenopus tropicalis. , 2007, Aquatic toxicology.

[42]  C. D. de Wit,et al.  Estimated intakes of brominated flame retardants via diet and dust compared to internal concentrations in a Swedish mother-toddler cohort. , 2015, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[43]  D. Forrest,et al.  Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase expression in the cochlea before the onset of hearing. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  P. J. Hofmann,et al.  Interference of endocrine disrupters with thyroid hormone receptor-dependent transactivation. , 2009, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[45]  Daniel Zalko,et al.  An in vivo multiwell-based fluorescent screen for monitoring vertebrate thyroid hormone disruption. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[46]  K. Miyata,et al.  Thyroid Hormone-disrupting Effects and the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay , 2012, Journal of toxicologic pathology.