The criterion for residual deformation of Substructure of ballasteless track on railway passenger dedicated line is extremely strict in order to satisfy the safety and comfort requirements of the high-speed train during operation period, urgent need to strengthen the ballastless track lines settlement deformation observation, prediction and assessment technology. Based on Chengdu-Guanxian line, this paper puts forward observation programs of subgrade settlement combined with the characteristics of Subgrade Settlement through the analysis of the influence factors of subgrade settlement deformation and key consideration about the factors of nighttime observation precision. It shows that the monitoring and assessment technology could meet the requirements through the analysis of field data, it can be guidance of railway management departments to make maintenance plan. Some advices provide reference for the monitoring and assessment of high-speed railway subgrade settlement during operation period.