Ecology of Tropical Dry Forest

widespread, usually transitional between semidesert or savanna and moist forest. About 40% of the earth's tropical and subtropical landmass is dominated by open or closed forest. Of this, 42% is dry forest, 33% is moist forest, and only 25% is wet and rain forest (sensu Holdridge, 42; 15). We will never know the true original or potential extent of dry forest because many savannas and scrub or thorn woodlands are thought to be derived from disturbed dry forest. Walter (110), for example, considers most or all of the grassland in India to have been derived from seasonal or dry forest. Some of the processes that cause this conversion are addressed later in this review. The largest proportion of dry forest ecosystems is in Africa and the world's tropical islands, where they account for 70-80% of the forested area. In South America they

[1]  P. G. Murphy,et al.  Structure and biomass of a subtropical dry forest in Puerto Rico , 1986 .

[2]  P. G. Murphy,et al.  Nutrient dynamics of a Puerto Rican subtropical dry forest , 1986, Journal of Tropical Ecology.

[3]  S. H. Bullock.  Breeding Systems in the Flora of a Tropical Deciduous Forest in Mexico , 1985 .

[4]  V. Barradas,et al.  Stomatal Behaviour of Two Heliophile Understorey Species of a Tropical Deciduous Forest in Mexico , 1985 .

[5]  J. Saldarriaga,et al.  Amazon Rain-Forest Fires , 1985, Science.

[6]  F. Armitage.  Irrigated forestry in arid and semi-arid lands : a synthesis , 1985 .

[7]  No panacea for the firewood crisis. , 1984, Science.

[8]  T. Whitmore,et al.  Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. , 1984 .

[9]  A. G. Marshall,et al.  The Ecology of Neotropical Savannas. , 1984 .

[10]  D. Janzen,et al.  A seasonal census of phenolics, fibre and alkaloids in foliage of forest trees in Costa Rica: some factors influencing their distribution and relation to host selection by Sphingidae and Saturniidae , 1984 .

[11]  Peter M. Vitousek,et al.  Litterfall, Nutrient Cycling, and Nutrient Limitation in Tropical Forests , 1984 .

[12]  H. Sioli,et al.  The Amazon : limnology and landscape ecology of a mighty tropical river and its basin , 1984 .

[13]  D. Janzen.  Costa Rican natural history , 1984 .

[14]  D. Janzen.  Seasonal change in abundance of large nocturnal dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) in a Costa Rican deciduous forest and adjacent horse pasture , 1983 .

[15]  E. Medina,et al.  Productivity of Tropical Forests and Tropical Woodlands , 1983 .

[16]  E. Medina.  Adaptations of tropical trees to moisture stress , 1983 .

[17]  B. Huntley,et al.  Ecology of Tropical Savannas , 1987, Ecological Studies.

[18]  D. Lieberman.  Seasonality and phenology in a dry tropical forest in Ghana. , 1982 .

[19]  Sandra Brown,et al.  The Storage and Production of Organic Matter in Tropical Forests and Their Role in the Global Carbon Cycle , 1982 .

[20]  D. Janzen.  Patterns of Herbivory in a Tropical Deciduous Forest , 1981 .

[21]  N. Smith.  Colonization Lessons from a Tropical Forest , 1981, Science.

[22]  D. Doley.  CHAPTER 4 – TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FORESTS AND WOODLANDS , 1981 .

[23]  P. Tomlinson,et al.  Possible contributions of wood anatomy to the determination of the age of tropical trees , 1981 .

[24]  F. Bormann,et al.  Age And Growth Rate Of Tropical Trees: New Directions For Research , 1981 .

[25]  P. B. Tomlinson,et al.  Tropical Trees as Living Systems. , 1980 .

[26]  J. Ewel.  Tropical succession: manifold routes to maturity , 1980 .

[27]  A. Lugo,et al.  Are tropical forest ecosystems sources or sinks of carbon , 1980 .

[28]  A. Lugo,et al.  Preliminary estimate of the storage of organic carbon in tropical forest ecosystems. , 1980 .

[29]  Stephen P. Hubbell,et al.  Tree Dispersion, Abundance, and Diversity in a Tropical Dry Forest , 1979, Science.

[30]  Ariel E. Lugo,et al.  Structure, Productivity, and Transpiration of a Subtropical Dry Forest in Puerto Rico , 1978 .

[31]  M. Arroyo,et al.  Plant reproductive ecology of a secondary deciduous tropical forest in venezuela , 1978 .

[32]  P. G. Murphy,et al.  A Latitudinal Gradient of Wood and Litter Production, and Its Implication Regarding Competition and Species Diversity in Trees , 1978 .

[33]  James F. Jackson.  Seasonality of Flowering and Leaf-Fall in a Brazilian Subtropical Lower Montane Moist Forest , 1978 .

[34]  K. Longman.  Control of shoot extension and dormancy: external and internal factors , 1978 .

[35]  W. Dittus.  The Ecology of a Semi-Evergreen Forest Community in Sri Lanka , 1977 .

[36]  J. Proctor,et al.  Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East. , 1977 .

[37]  E. Medina,et al.  Tropical Ecological Systems , 1975, Ecological Studies.

[38]  F. Malaisse,et al.  Litter Fall and Litter Breakdown in Miombo , 1975 .

[39]  P. G. Murphy.  Net Primary Productivity in Tropical Terrestral Ecosystems , 1975 .

[40]  R. K. Garg,et al.  Litter Production in Deciduous Forest Near Udaipur (South Rajasthan), India , 1975 .

[41]  Jan Jeník,et al.  Tropical Forest and its Environment. , 1976 .

[42]  Don E. Wilson,et al.  The Cost of Being Dormant in the Tropics , 1974 .

[43]  H. G. Baker,et al.  Comparative Phenological Studies of Trees in Tropical Wet and Dry Forests in the Lowlands of Costa Rica , 1974 .

[44]  W. Ernst,et al.  Studies on the Hydrature of Trees in Miombo Woodland in South Central Africa , 1973 .

[45]  A. Gómez-pompa,et al.  The tropical rain forest: a nonrenewable resource. , 1972, Science.

[46]  R. Daubenmire.  Phenology and Other Characteristics of Tropical Semi-Deciduous Forest in North-Western Costa Rica , 1972 .

[47]  D. Janzen.  Escape in Space by Sterculia Apetala Seeds from the Bug Dysdercus Fasciatus in a Costa Rican Deciduous Forest , 1972 .

[48]  H. Ruthenberg.  Farming systems in the tropics , 1973 .

[49]  D. Mueller‐Dombois,et al.  Ecology of Tropical and Subtropical Vegetation. , 1972 .

[50]  J. McQuigg.  SOME ATTEMPTS TO ESTIMATE THE ECONOMIC RESPONSE OF WEATHER INFORMATION , 1971 .

[51]  L. Holdridge,et al.  Forest environments in tropical life zones: a pilot study. , 1971 .

[52]  Jacquinia pungens, a Heliophile from the Understory of Tropical Deciduous Forest , 1970 .

[53]  D. Bandhu.  A study of the productive structure of northern tropical dry deciduous forests near Varanasi. I. Stand structure and non-photosynthetic biomass. , 1970 .

[54]  D. Janzen.  SYNCHRONIZATION OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF TREES WITHIN THE DRY SEASON IN CENTRAL AMERICA , 1967, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[55]  F. Lamb.  Mahogany of tropical America: its ecology and management. , 1966 .

[56]  E. Pook,et al.  Water stress on native vegetation during the drought of 1965 , 1966 .

[57]  B. Hopkins.  Vegetation of the Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Nigeria: III. The Microclimates with Special Reference to their Seasonal Changes , 1965 .

[58]  T. Kira,et al.  Comparative ecological studies on three main types of forest vegetation in Thailand. II. Plant biomass , 1965 .

[59]  J. Tosi,et al.  Some Environmental Factors in the Economic Development of the Tropics , 1964 .

[60]  Eville Gorham,et al.  Litter Production in Forests of the World , 1964 .

[61]  B. Hopkins,et al.  Vegetation of the Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Nigeria: I. General Features of the Reserve and the Research Sites , 1962 .

[62]  K. O. Koelmeyer.  The periodicity of leaf change and flowering in the principal forest communities of Ceylon-Part II , 1960 .

[63]  J. D. Clark.  The prehistory of Southern Africa , 1959 .

[64]  W. D. Clayton.  Secondary Vegetation and the Transition to Savanna Near Ibadan, Nigeria , 1958 .

[65]  J. S. Beard,et al.  The Classification of Tropical American Vegetation‐Types , 1955 .

[66]  P. Richards,et al.  The Tropical Rain Forest: An Ecological Study , 1953 .

[67]  J. Pires,et al.  An Estimate of the Number of Species of Trees in an Amazonian Forest Community , 1953, Botanical Gazette.

[68]  G. A. Black,et al.  Some Attempts to Estimate Species Diversity and Population Density of Trees in Amazonian Forests , 1950, Botanical Gazette.

[69]  A. O. England,et al.  What is Classification , 1946 .

[70]  F. W. Foxworthy.  Commercial Timber Trees of the Malay Peninsula , 1927 .