Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review.

The restoration of endodontically treated teeth is a topic that is extensively studied and yet remains controversial from many perspectives. This article reviews the major pertinent literature on this topic, with an emphasis on major decision-making elements in post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Recommendations are made for treatment planning, materials, and clinical practices from restorative and endodontic perspectives.

[1]  D. R. Burns,et al.  Stress distribution surrounding endodontic posts. , 1990, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[2]  E. Saunders,et al.  Prevalence of periradicular periodontitis associated with crowned teeth in an adult Scottish subpopulation , 1998, British Dental Journal.

[3]  A. Qualtrough,et al.  A comparison of the retention of tooth-colored posts. , 2003, Quintessence international.

[4]  Libman Wj,et al.  Load fatigue of teeth restored with cast posts and cores and complete crowns. , 1995 .

[5]  E. Asmussen,et al.  Mechanical properties of endodontic posts. , 1997, Journal of oral rehabilitation.

[6]  A. Vichi,et al.  Efficacy of a self-curing adhesive-resin cement system on luting glass-fiber posts into root canals: an SEM investigation. , 2001, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[7]  S. Madison,et al.  An evaluation of coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. Part III. In vivo study. , 1988, Journal of endodontics.

[8]  J. Astbäck,et al.  A retrospective study of 236 patients with teeth restored by carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts. , 1998, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[9]  R. Love,et al.  Rigidity and retention of carbon fibre versus stainless steel root canal posts. , 1996, International endodontic journal.

[10]  P. Wesselink,et al.  Coronal leakage along apical root fillings after immediate and delayed post space preparation. , 1999, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[11]  J. Martinoff,et al.  Intracoronal reinforcement and coronal coverage: a study of endodontically treated teeth. , 1984, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[12]  Radkevich Ra,et al.  A comparative study of fracture resistance between morphologic dowel and cores and a resin-reinforced dowel system in the intraradicular restoration of structurally compromised roots. , 1996 .

[13]  F. García-Godoy,et al.  Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts and cast post and cores. , 2000, American journal of dentistry.

[14]  R. Loushine,et al.  In vitro bacterial penetration of endodontically treated teeth coronally sealed with a dentin bonding agent. , 2001, Journal of endodontics.

[15]  H. Messer,et al.  Are endodontically treated teeth more brittle? , 1992, Journal of endodontics.

[16]  J. Bahillo,et al.  In vitro study of endodontic post cementation protocols that use resin cements. , 2003, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[17]  D J Setchell,et al.  An in vitro evaluation of a carbon fiber-based post and core system. , 1997, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[18]  P. Glantz,et al.  On cantilever loading of vital and non-vital teeth. An experimental clinical study. , 1986, Acta odontologica Scandinavica.

[19]  T. Watson,et al.  Resin-dentin interfaces of endodontically-treated restored teeth. , 2003, American journal of dentistry.

[20]  A. Vichi,et al.  Retrospective study of the clinical performance of fiber posts. , 2000, American journal of dentistry.

[21]  F. Isidor,et al.  The influence of post length and crown ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic loading of bovine teeth with prefabricated titanium posts. , 1999, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[22]  J. Mulder,et al.  Survival rate and failure characteristics of the all metal post and core restoration. , 1993, Journal of oral rehabilitation.

[23]  M. Trope,et al.  Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. , 1995, International endodontic journal.

[24]  Drummond Jl In vitro evaluation of endodontic posts. , 2000 .

[25]  P. Gateau,et al.  Fatigue testing and microscopic evaluation of post and core restorations under artificial crowns. , 1999, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[26]  R. Thacker,et al.  Effect of post preparation on the apical seal. , 1984, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[27]  L. Lindén,et al.  A comparison of strengths of five core and post-and-core systems. , 2002, Quintessence international.

[28]  B Rilo,et al.  Comparison of the fracture resistances of pulpless teeth restored with a cast post and core or carbon-fiber post with a composite core. , 1998, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[29]  H Schilder,et al.  Determination of the moisture content of vital and pulpless teeth. , 1972, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[30]  L. Breeding,et al.  Fatigue life of three core materials under simulated chewing conditions. , 1992, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[31]  J. Chai,et al.  Fracture resistance and primary failure mode of endodontically treated teeth restored with a carbon fiber-reinforced resin post system in vitro. , 2001, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[32]  A. Caputo,et al.  The retentive and stress distributing properties of split threaded endodontic dowels. , 1992, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[33]  T. Watson,et al.  Three-year clinical comparison of survival of endodontically treated teeth restored with either full cast coverage or with direct composite restoration. , 2002, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[34]  L. C. Reid,et al.  Effect of fatigue testing on core integrity and post microleakage of teeth restored with different post systems. , 2003, Journal of endodontics.

[35]  M. Todd,et al.  The effect of dowel preparation on the apical seal of three common obturation techniques. , 1983, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[36]  J. Nicholls,et al.  Load fatigue of compromised teeth: a comparison of 3 luting cements. , 1998, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[37]  Begüm Akkayan,et al.  Resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post systems. , 2002, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[38]  S. Madison,et al.  Linear and volumetric analysis of apical leakage in teeth prepared for posts. , 1984, Journal of endodontics.

[39]  S. Madison,et al.  An evaluation of coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. Part I. Time periods. , 1987, Journal of endodontics.

[40]  W. Eakle Effect of thermal cycling on fracture strength and microleakage in teeth restored with a bonded composite resin. , 1986, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[41]  C. E. Brown,et al.  Human saliva coronal microleakage in obturated root canals: an in vitro study. , 1991, Journal of endodontics.

[42]  L. Baratieri,et al.  Influence of post placement in the fracture resistance of endodontically treated incisors veneered with direct composite. , 2000, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[43]  H. Messer,et al.  Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. , 1989, Journal of endodontics.

[44]  橋本 正則 In vivo Degradation of Resin-Dentin Bonds in Humans Over 1 to 3 Years , 2001 .

[45]  J. L. Hernández,et al.  Residual thickness of root in first maxillary premolars with post space preparation. , 1999, Journal of endodontics.

[46]  J. F. Williams,et al.  Effects of post placement on endodontically treated teeth. , 1989, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[47]  J. Robbins Guidelines for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. , 1990, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[48]  J. Lindemuth,et al.  Variability of clinical dentin substrates. , 1991, American journal of dentistry.

[49]  D. R. Burns,et al.  In vitro comparison of the fracture resistance and failure mode of fiber, ceramic, and conventional post systems at various stages of restoration. , 2001, Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists.

[50]  R. Scotti,et al.  Clinical evaluation of teeth restored with quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts. , 2003, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[51]  A. Vichi,et al.  Comparison between two clinical procedures for bonding fiber posts into a root canal: a microscopic investigation. , 2002, Journal of endodontics.

[52]  J. Nicholls,et al.  Load fatigue of teeth restored by a dentin bonding agent and a posterior composite resin. , 1991, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[53]  R. R. Johnson,et al.  Punch shear testing of extracted vital and endodontically treated teeth. , 1983, Journal of biomechanics.

[54]  K. Fox,et al.  An in vitro study of coronal microleakage in root-canal-treated teeth restored by the post and core technique. , 1997, International endodontic journal.

[55]  D. L. Gutteridge,et al.  An in vitro study into the effect of the ferrule preparation on the fracture resistance of crowned teeth incorporating prefabricated post and composite core restorations. , 2001, International endodontic journal.

[56]  D. Assif,et al.  Effect of core stiffness on the in vitro fracture of crowned, endodontically treated teeth. , 2002, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[57]  S. Libera,et al.  Fracture resistance of teeth restored with two different post-and-core designs cemented with two different cements: an in vitro study. Part I. , 2003, Quintessence international.

[58]  J. Kane,et al.  Modification of the resistance form of amalgam coronal-radicular restorations. , 1991, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[59]  Keith M Phillips,et al.  Effect of core bonding on fatigue failure of compromised teeth. , 2002, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[60]  D. Pashley,et al.  Evaluation of regional bond strength of resin cement to endodontic surfaces. , 1999, Journal of endodontics.

[61]  A. Al-Wahadni,et al.  An in vitro investigation into the effects of retained coronal dentine on the strength of a tooth restored with a cemented post and partial core restoration. , 2002, International endodontic journal.

[62]  A. Mcdonald,et al.  Retrospective analysis of factors affecting the longevity of post crowns , 1999 .

[63]  M. Tagger,et al.  The effect of immediate vs. delayed post space preparation on the apical seal of a root canal filling: a study in an increased-sensitivity pressure-driven system. , 2000, Journal of endodontics.

[64]  T. Magnusson,et al.  Restoring endodontically treated teeth: a survey of current opinions among board-certified prosthodontists and general dental practitioners in Sweden. , 2001, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[65]  F. Isidor,et al.  Intermittent loading of teeth restored using prefabricated carbon fiber posts. , 1996, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[66]  de Rijk Wg Removal of fiber posts from endodontically treated teeth. , 2000 .

[67]  J. Gutmann The dentin-root complex: anatomic and biologic considerations in restoring endodontically treated teeth. , 1992, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[68]  G. Cheung,et al.  Long-term survival of primary root canal treatment carried out in a dental teaching hospital. , 2003, International endodontic journal.

[69]  F. Weine,et al.  Retrospective study of tapered, smooth post systems in place for 10 years or more. , 1991, Journal of endodontics.

[70]  P. Wilson,et al.  The ferrule effect: a literature review. , 2002, International endodontic journal.

[71]  C. Davidson,et al.  An SEM evaluation of several adhesive systems used for bonding fiber posts under clinical conditions. , 2002, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[72]  J. Martinoff,et al.  Endodontically treated teeth as abutments. , 1985, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[73]  G. Heydecke,et al.  Survival rate and fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with moderate defects restored with different post-and-core systems: an in vitro study. , 2001, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[74]  D. Pashley,et al.  Microleakage of endodontically treated teeth restored with posts. , 1997, Journal of endodontics.

[75]  P. Gateau,et al.  In vitro fatigue resistance of glass ionomer cements used in post-and-core applications. , 2001, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[76]  Lu Zhi-Yue,et al.  Effects of post-core design and ferrule on fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors. , 2003, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[77]  S. Karlsson,et al.  Survival rate and failure characteristics for two post designs. , 1995, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[78]  B. Glazer Restoration of endodontically treated teeth with carbon fibre posts--a prospective study. , 2000, Journal.

[79]  Hidehiko Sano,et al.  In vitro degradation of resin-dentin bonds analyzed by microtensile bond test, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[80]  R. Walton,et al.  Coronal leakage: endotoxin penetration from mixed bacterial communities through obturated, post-prepared root canals. , 1998, Journal of endodontics.

[81]  L. Tronstad,et al.  Resistance to fracture of restored endodontically treated teeth. , 1985, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[82]  J. Sorensen,et al.  Ferrule design and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. , 1990, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[83]  R. D. De Moor,et al.  Periapical health related to the quality of root canal treatment in a Belgian population. , 2000, International endodontic journal.

[84]  D. Nathanson,et al.  Effects of moisture content and endodontic treatment on some mechanical properties of human dentin. , 1992, Journal of endodontics.

[85]  M. Trope,et al.  Strengthening immature teeth during and after apexification. , 1998, Journal of endodontics.

[86]  D. Felton,et al.  Threaded endodontic dowels: effect of post design on incidence of root fracture. , 1991, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[87]  T. Walton An up to 15-year longitudinal study of 515 metal-ceramic FPDs: Part 2. Modes of failure and influence of various clinical characteristics. , 2003, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[88]  K. Fox,et al.  An in vitro study of coronal microleakage around bonded amalgam coronal-radicular cores in endodontically treated molar teeth. , 2002, Quintessence international.

[89]  P. Abbott Incidence of root fractures and methods used for post removal. , 2002, International Endodontic Journal.

[90]  Z. Fuss,et al.  The unpredictability of seal after post space preparation: a fluid transport study. , 2001, Journal of endodontics.

[91]  J. Sakumura,et al.  Dowel form and tensile force. , 1978, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[92]  D. Murchison,et al.  Post retention: the effect of sequence of post-space preparation, cementation time, and different sealers. , 2001, Journal of endodontics.

[93]  P. Yaman,et al.  Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite posts. , 2003, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[94]  H. Eriksen,et al.  Influence of coronal restorations on the periapical health of endodontically treated teeth. , 2000, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[95]  D. Shugars,et al.  General dentists' patterns of restoring endodontically treated teeth. , 1995, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[96]  E. Rivera,et al.  Site comparisons of dentine collagen cross-links from extracted human teeth. , 1993, Archives of oral biology.

[97]  S. Aquilino,et al.  Relationship between crown placement and the survival of endodontically treated teeth. , 2002, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[98]  J. Nicholls,et al.  In vitro comparison of intact endodontically treated teeth with and without endo-post reinforcement. , 1979, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[99]  T. Watson,et al.  Microleakage of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber posts and composite cores after cyclic loading: a confocal microscopic study. , 2001, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[100]  M. Freeman,et al.  Leakage associated with load fatigue-induced preliminary failure of full crowns placed over three different post and core systems. , 1998, Journal of endodontics.

[101]  G. Heydecke,et al.  Fracture strength and survival rate of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with approximal cavities after restoration with different post and core systems: an in-vitro study. , 2001, Journal of dentistry.

[102]  A. Jokstad,et al.  Assessment of the periapical and clinical status of crowned teeth over 25 years. , 1997, Journal of dentistry.

[103]  L. Gettleman,et al.  Effect of root canal sealers and irrigation agents on retention of preformed posts luted with a resin cement. , 1999, Journal of endodontics.

[104]  R. D. De Moor,et al.  Periapical health related to the quality of coronal restorations and root fillings. , 2002, International endodontic journal.

[105]  M. Ozcan,et al.  Effect of length and diameter of tapered posts on the retention. , 2002, Journal of oral rehabilitation.

[106]  E. Saunders,et al.  Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root-canal therapy: a review. , 1994, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[107]  A A Caputo,et al.  Analysis of stress distribution by endodontic posts. , 1972, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[108]  G. Heydecke,et al.  The restoration of endodontically treated, single-rooted teeth with cast or direct posts and cores: a systematic review. , 2002, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[109]  H. Messer,et al.  Cuspal deflection in molars in relation to endodontic and restorative procedures. , 1995, Journal of endodontics.

[110]  I A Mjör,et al.  The structure of dentine in the apical region of human teeth. , 2001, International endodontic journal.

[111]  T. Watson,et al.  Intermittent loading of teeth restored using quartz fiber, carbon-quartz fiber, and zirconium dioxide ceramic root canal posts. , 1999, The journal of adhesive dentistry.

[112]  R. L. Neagley The effect of dowel preparation on the apical seal of endodontically treated teeth. , 1969, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[113]  H. Messer,et al.  Micro-tensile bond strengths of bonding agents to pulpal floor dentine. , 2002, International endodontic journal.

[114]  Hidehiko Sano,et al.  Degradation patterns of different adhesives and bonding procedures. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[115]  R. Radke,et al.  A comparative study of fracture resistance between morphologic dowel and cores and a resin-reinforced dowel system in the intraradicular restoration of structurally compromised roots. , 1996, Quintessence international.

[116]  F. Isidor,et al.  Intermittent loading of teeth with tapered, individually cast or prefabricated, parallel-sided posts. , 1992, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[117]  J. Drummond,et al.  Static and cyclic loading of fiber-reinforced dental resin. , 2003, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[118]  A A Caputo,et al.  Retention of endodontic dowels: effects of cement, dowel length, diameter, and design. , 1978, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[119]  A. Johansson,et al.  A retrospective analysis of factors associated with the periapical status of restored, endodontically treated teeth. , 2003, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[120]  C. Kreulen,et al.  A survey of cusp fractures in a population of general dental practices. , 2002, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[121]  J. Gallo,et al.  In vitro evaluation of the retention of composite fiber and stainless steel posts. , 2002, Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists.

[122]  C. Goodacre,et al.  The prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Part III. Tooth preparation considerations. , 1995, Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists.

[123]  C. Goodacre,et al.  The prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Part II. Maintaining the apical seal. , 1995, Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists.

[124]  J. Martinoff,et al.  Clinically significant factors in dowel design. , 1984, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[125]  L. Hahn,et al.  Fracture characteristics of carbon fibre, ceramic and non-palladium endodontic post systems at monotonously increasing loads. , 2002, Journal of oral rehabilitation.

[126]  Ilana Heling,et al.  Endodontic failure caused by inadequate restorative procedures: review and treatment recommendations. , 2002, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[127]  C. Goodacre,et al.  The prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Part I. Success and failure data, treatment concepts. , 1994, Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists.

[128]  A. Wenzel,et al.  Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in a Danish population. , 2000, International endodontic journal.

[129]  Marisa Gomes de Amorim Demarchi,et al.  Leakage of interim post and cores used during laboratory fabrication of custom posts. , 2002, Journal of endodontics.

[130]  A. Vichi,et al.  Efficacy of different adhesive techniques on bonding to root canal walls: an SEM investigation. , 2001, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[131]  J. Nissan,et al.  The use of reinforced composite resin cement as compensation for reduced post length. , 2001, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[132]  T. Walton An up to 15-year longitudinal study of 515 metal-ceramic FPDs: Part 1. Outcome. , 2002, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[133]  J. A. Lowe,et al.  Dimensional stability of silver amalgam and composite used as core materials. , 1987, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.