Numerical simulation of natural convection in a square enclosure filled with nanofluid using the two-phase Lattice Boltzmann method

Considering interaction forces (gravity and buoyancy force, drag force, interaction potential force, and Brownian force) between nanoparticles and a base fluid, a two-phase Lattice Boltzmann model for natural convection of nanofluid is developed in this work. It is applied to investigate the natural convection in a square enclosure (the left wall is kept at a high constant temperature (TH), and the top wall is kept at a low constant temperature (TC)) filled with Al2O3/H2O nanofluid. This model is validated by comparing numerical results with published results, and a satisfactory agreement is shown between them. The effects of different nanoparticle fractions and Rayleigh numbers on natural convection heat transfer of nanofluid are investigated. It is found that the average Nusselt number of the enclosure increases with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction and increases more rapidly at a high Rayleigh number. Also, the effects of forces on nanoparticle volume fraction distribution in the square enclosure are studied in this paper. It is found that the driving force of the temperature difference has the biggest effect on nanoparticle volume fraction distribution. In addition, the effects of interaction forces on flow and heat transfer are investigated. It is found that Brownian force, interaction potential force, and gravity-buoyancy force have positive effects on the enhancement of natural convective heat transfer, while drag force has a negative effect.

[1]  G. D. Davis.  Natural convection of air in a square cavity: A bench mark numerical solution , 1983 .

[2]  M. Hortmann,et al.  Finite volume multigrid prediction of laminar natural convection: Bench-mark solutions , 1990 .

[3]  Zhen-hua Liu,et al.  A Kind of Nanofluid Consisting of Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles , 2010, Nanoscale research letters.

[4]  Huaqing Xie,et al.  Nanofluids Containing γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles and Their Heat Transfer Enhancements , 2010, Nanoscale research letters.

[5]  Haitao Zhu,et al.  Preparation and thermal conductivity of CuO nanofluid via a wet chemical method , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[6]  V. Babu,et al.  Simulation of high Rayleigh number natural convection in a square cavity using the lattice Boltzmann method , 2006 .

[7]  Gian Piero Celata,et al.  Application to natural convection enclosed flows of a lattice Boltzmann BGK model coupled with a general purpose thermal boundary condition , 2004 .

[8]  Saiied M. Aminossadati,et al.  Natural convection cooling of a localised heat source at the bottom of a nanofluid-filled enclosure , 2009 .

[9]  C. Shu,et al.  Simplified thermal lattice Boltzmann model for incompressible thermal flows. , 2003, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[10]  Shiyi Chen,et al.  A Novel Thermal Model for the Lattice Boltzmann Method in Incompressible Limit , 1998 .

[11]  Niladri Chakraborty,et al.  Study of heat transfer augmentation in a differentially heated square cavity using copper–water nanofluid , 2008 .

[12]  Raúl Rechtman,et al.  The lattice Boltzmann equation for natural convection in a two-dimensional cavity with a partially heated wall , 2005, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[13]  Y. Xuan,et al.  Lattice Boltzmann model for nanofluids , 2004 .

[14]  M. Gracia-Pinilla,et al.  Deposition of Size-Selected Cu Nanoparticles by Inert Gas Condensation , 2009, Nanoscale research letters.

[15]  Saiied M. Aminossadati,et al.  Brownian motion of nanoparticles in a triangular enclosure with natural convection , 2010 .

[16]  Zhixin Li,et al.  A lattice Boltzmann algorithm for fluid–solid conjugate heat transfer , 2007 .

[17]  Saiied M. Aminossadati,et al.  An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Cooling Analysis of Electronic Components in Enclosures Filled With Nanofluids , 2011 .

[18]  U. Pal,et al.  Effects of crystallization and dopant concentration on the emission behavior of TiO2:Eu nanophosphors , 2012, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[19]  Ching-Jenq Ho,et al.  Numerical simulation of natural convection of nanofluid in a square enclosure: Effects due to uncertainties of viscosity and thermal conductivity , 2008 .

[20]  B. Ding,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Magnetic Nanoparticles , 2008, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[21]  K. Khanafer,et al.  BUOYANCY-DRIVEN HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ENCLOSURE UTILIZING NANOFLUIDS , 2003 .

[22]  M. Farhadi,et al.  Lattice Boltzmann simulation of nanofluid in lid-driven cavity , 2010 .

[23]  H. Oztop,et al.  Numerical study of natural convection in partially heated rectangular enclosures filled with nanofluids , 2008 .

[24]  Jing Fan,et al.  Nanofluids Research: Key Issues , 2010, Nanoscale research letters.

[25]  Ali J. Chamkha,et al.  Effect of nanofluid variable properties on natural convection in enclosures filled with a CuO–EG–Water nanofluid , 2010 .

[26]  Seok Pil Jang,et al.  Buoyancy-driven heat transfer of water-based Al2O3 nanofluids in a rectangular cavity , 2007 .

[27]  Rozaini Roslan,et al.  Natural convection heat transfer in a nanofluid-filled trapezoidal enclosure , 2011 .

[28]  P. Deb.  Fatty Acid Binding Domain Mediated Conjugation of Ultrafine Magnetic Nanoparticles with Albumin Protein , 2008, Nanoscale research letters.

[29]  Sohail Nadeem,et al.  Boundary layer flow of nanofluid over an exponentially stretching surface , 2012, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[30]  Stephen U. S. Choi,et al.  Role of Brownian motion in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids , 2004 .

[31]  Eiyad Abu-Nada,et al.  Effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity of Al2O3-water nanofluid on heat transfer enhancement in natural convection , 2009 .

[32]  Chang Shu,et al.  A 3D incompressible thermal lattice Boltzmann model and its application to simulate natural convection in a cubic cavity , 2004 .

[33]  D. A. Saville,et al.  Colloidal Dispersions: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS , 1989 .

[34]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN A NEARLY DEVELOPED TURBULENT DUCT FLOW WITH ELECTROPHORESIS , 1999 .