Accretion Efficiency during Planetary Collisions

We present the results of smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations of collisions between two 0.10 M⊕ differentiated planetary embryos with impact dynamics that are thought to be common to the late stage of terrestrial planet formation. At low impact velocities (vimp/vesc < 1.5) and for direct collisions, the impacts are largely accretionary. Inelastic bouncing between embryos with varying degrees of erosion, followed by escape to infinity, is also a common outcome. For dynamical environments typical of most late-stage accretion models, we estimate that more than half of all collisions between like-sized planetary embryos do not result in accumulation into a larger embryo.

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