Constructal minimization of emitter grid resistance of solar cell with variable cross-section collectors

In constructal theory, the optimal shape (geometry) and structure of nature and engineered systems are the outcome of their functionality and resources and constraints. The constructal volume-point flow model is applied to the design and performance optimization of solar cells in this paper. The optimal electrode distribution in emitter of a solar cell is obtained by using optimized variable cross-section collectors and rectangular elemental areas. The minimum series electrical resistance is taken as optimization objective. The minimum series electrical resistance obtained herein is smaller than that obtained by using optimized constant cross-section collectors. The results show that the constructal design succeeds to compromise effectively the conflict between decreasing the series electrical resistance and decreasing shadow for the design of solar cells.