Transmission and dynamics of tuberculosis on generalized households.

Tuberculosis (TB) transmission is enhanced by systematic exposure to an infectious individual. This enhancement usually takes place at either the home, workplace, and/or school (generalized household). Typical epidemiological models do not incorporate the impact of generalized households on the study of disease dynamics. Models that incorporate cluster (generalized household) effects and focus on their impact on TB's transmission dynamics are developed. Detailed models that consider the effect of casual infections, that is, those generated outside a cluster, are also presented. We find expressions for the Basic Reproductive Number as a function of cluster size. The formula for R0 separates the contributions of cluster and casual infections in the generation of secondary TB infections. Relationships between cluster and classical epidemic models are discussed as well as the concept of critical cluster size.

[1]  H. Andersson,et al.  Epidemics in a population with social structures. , 1997, Mathematical biosciences.

[2]  Ochs Cw.  The Epidemiology of Tuberculosis. , 1962 .

[3]  J. Remington,et al.  Current Clinical Topics in Infectious Diseases , 1980 .

[4]  S. Brøgger,et al.  Systems analysis in tuberculosis control: a model. , 1967, The American review of respiratory disease.

[5]  K. Sepkowitz,et al.  Community-based outbreaks of tuberculosis. , 1996, Archives of internal medicine.

[6]  E. Hershfield,et al.  Tuberculosis: a comprehensive international approach , 1993 .

[7]  Thomas M. Daniel,et al.  Captain of Death: The Story of Tuberculosis , 1998 .

[8]  G W Comstock,et al.  Epidemiology of tuberculosis. , 1982, The American review of respiratory disease.

[9]  J. Fitzgerald,et al.  An estimate of the future size of the tuberculosis problem in sub-Saharan Africa resulting from HIV infection. , 1992, Tubercle and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.

[10]  Miller Bess,et al.  Preventive therapy for tuberculosis. , 1993, The Medical clinics of North America.

[11]  S. Blower,et al.  The intrinsic transmission dynamics of tuberculosis epidemics , 1995, Nature Medicine.

[12]  Y. Azuma.  A simple simulation model of tuberculosis epidemiology for use without large-scale computers. , 1975, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[13]  C. Castillo-Chavez,et al.  A Distributed Delay Model for Tuberculosis , 1996 .

[14]  Odo Diekmann,et al.  A deterministic epidemic model taking account of repeated contacts between the same individuals , 1998, Journal of Applied Probability.

[15]  C. Castillo-Chavez,et al.  A model for tuberculosis with exogenous reinfection. , 2000, Theoretical population biology.

[16]  A. Geser,et al.  The use of mathematical models in the study of the epidemiology of tuberculosis. , 1962, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[17]  B. Bloom,et al.  Tuberculosis Pathogenesis, Protection, and Control , 1994 .

[18]  Christopher Dye,et al.  Global burden of tuberculosis , 1999 .

[19]  H. Waaler,et al.  Dependence liability of "non-narcotic" drugs. , 1970, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[20]  A. Bermejo,et al.  Tuberculosis incidence in developing countries with high prevalence of HIV infection , 1992, AIDS.

[21]  E. Nardell,et al.  Airborne infection. Theoretical limits of protection achievable by building ventilation. , 1991, The American review of respiratory disease.

[22]  Lincoln Em,et al.  Epidemics of Tuberculosis , 1966 .

[23]  B T Grenfell,et al.  Individual-based perspectives on R(0). , 2000, Journal of theoretical biology.

[24]  C. Braden,et al.  The epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States. , 1997, Clinics in chest medicine.

[25]  Le Hq,et al.  Reactivation and exogenous reinfection: their relative roles in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. , 1996 .

[26]  Carlos Castillo-Chavez,et al.  MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR THE DISEASE DYNAMICS OF TUBERCULOSIS , 1996 .

[27]  S. Grzybowski,et al.  Contacts of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis. , 1975, Bulletin of the International Union against Tuberculosis.

[28]  C. Castillo-Chavez,et al.  To treat or not to treat: the case of tuberculosis , 1997, Journal of mathematical biology.

[29]  C. Castillo-Chavez,et al.  On the Fall and Rise of Tuberculosis , 2000 .

[30]  G. Comstock,et al.  The competing risks of tuberculosis and hepatitis for adult tuberculin reactors. , 2015, The American review of respiratory disease.

[31]  D. Snider,et al.  The epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States. Implications for diagnosis and treatment. , 1989, Clinics in chest medicine.

[32]  Ferebee Sh.  Controlled chemoprophylaxis trials in tuberculosis. A general review. , 1970 .

[33]  W. Bailey,et al.  Establishing priority during investigation of tuberculosis contacts. , 1979, The American review of respiratory disease.

[34]  W. R. Lynn,et al.  Mathematical models for the economic allocation of tuberculosis control activities in developing nations. , 1967, The American review of respiratory disease.

[35]  S. Blower,et al.  Control Strategies for Tuberculosis Epidemics: New Models for Old Problems , 1996, Science.

[36]  S. Etkind.  Contact tracing in tuberculosis , 1993 .