Implication of the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Inflammation Associated with Nutritional Disorders and Obesity.

More than a decade ago, the concept of "metabolic endotoxemia" waselaborated on the fact that some bacterial components, classified as MAMP's (microbial associated membrane pathogens) can pass through the gut barrier and couldcreate a systemic low tone inflammation. The translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and its contribution to systemic inflammation have been largely studied in murine models of obesity, allowing to unravel the molecular pathways involved in the process. Many different pathological contexts evoke the loss of gut barrier as an event contributing to inflammation and thereby driving metabolic and behavioral alterations. This review describes the role of nutrition as a modulator of metabolic regulation and focuses on the contribution of the gut microbiota in the process of the production of a large diversity of bioactive metabolites. The two first sections of the review will be dedicated to the impact of nutritional disorders on both the gut microbiota composition and on metabolic inflammation. The last and more prominent section will describe the role on different nutrients-derived gut metabolites on the gut barrier integrity, metabolic inflammation and peripheral tissues alterations during obesity or associated complications This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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