Chapter Fourteen Computational Air Quality Modelling

Abstract Progress in computer capabilities has substantially influenced research in air quality modelling, a very complex and multidisciplinary area. It covers remote sensing, land use impacts, initial and boundary conditions, data assimilation techniques, chemical schemes, comparison between measured and modelled data, computer efficiency, parallel computing, coupling with meteorology, long-range transport impact on local air pollution, new satellite data assimilation techniques, real-time and forecasting and sensitivity analysis. This contribution focuses on providing a general overview of the state of the art in air quality modelling from the point of view of the “user community,” which includes policy makers, urban planners and environmental managers. It also tries to bring to the discussion key questions, such as where are the greatest uncertainties in emission inventories and meteorological fields, how well do air quality models simulate urban aerosols, and what are the next generation developments in models to answer new scientific and management questions.

[1]  Alma Hodzic,et al.  Long-term urban aerosol simulation versus routine particulate matter observations , 2005 .

[2]  Gregory R. Carmichael,et al.  The STEM-II regional scale acid deposition and photochemical oxidant model—I. An overview of model development and applications , 1991 .

[3]  R. Turco,et al.  SMVGEAR: A sparse-matrix, vectorized gear code for atmospheric models , 1994 .

[4]  David Abramson,et al.  An Atmospheric Sciences Workflow and Its Implementation with Web Services , 2004, International Conference on Computational Science.

[5]  Air quality research: perspective from climate change modelling research. , 2003, Environment international.

[6]  Kostas Karatzas.  INTERNET-BASED MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION TASKS , 2005 .

[7]  Michael Schatzmann,et al.  Meteorology applied to urban air pollution problems: COST 715 , 2001 .

[8]  A. Robins.  Measuring and modelling investigation of environmental processes , 2000 .

[9]  K. Fedra.  Urban environmental management: monitoring, GIS, and modeling , 1999 .

[10]  Rosa M. González,et al.  On the Use of MRF/AVN Global Information to Improve the Operational Air Quality Model OPANA , 2000 .

[11]  Barbara Fay,et al.  Potential and Shortcomings of Numerical Weather Prediction Models in Providing Meteorological Data for Urban Air Pollution Forecasting , 2002 .

[12]  Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) User's Guide to Alternative Modules: Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution (MADRID), Mercury (Hg), and Advanced Plume Treatment (APT) , 2005 .

[13]  G. R. Carmichael,et al.  An Eulerian transport/transformation/removal model for SO2 and sulfate—I. Model development , 1984 .

[14]  Hannu Martin Jock Jensen Stefan Peifer Hermann McInnes G Saarenmaa.  Development of common tools and an information infrastructure for the shared European environment information system , 2002 .

[15]  David J. Stensrud,et al.  Using Initial Condition and Model Physics Perturbations in Short-Range Ensemble Simulations of Mesoscale Convective Systems , 2000 .

[16]  William P L Carter,et al.  Documentation of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism for VOC reactivity assessment. Volume 2. , 2000 .

[17]  K. Shine.  Radiative Forcing of Climate Change , 2000 .

[18]  C. C. Chuang,et al.  Climate forcing by carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols , 1998 .

[19]  R. Moss,et al.  The regional impacts of climate change : an assessment of vulnerability , 1997 .

[20]  M. C. Dodge,et al.  A photochemical kinetics mechanism for urban and regional scale computer modeling , 1989 .

[21]  L. K. Peters,et al.  A second generation model for regional-scale transport/chemistry/deposition , 1986 .

[22]  Georg A. Grell,et al.  Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model , 2005 .

[23]  Alexander Baklanov,et al.  Modelling the influence of dimethyl sulphide on aerosol production in the marine boundary layer , 2004 .

[24]  A. Clappier,et al.  On the parameterisation of the urban atmospheric sublayer in meteorological models , 2005 .

[25]  Alexander Baklanov.  Overview of the European project FUMAPEX , 2005 .

[26]  Alexander Baklanov,et al.  Pollutant transport schemes integrated in a numerical weather prediction model: model description and verification results , 2004 .

[27]  Armin B. Cremers,et al.  First Steps in the Development of a Web Service Framework for Hetero- geneous Environmental Information Systems , 2002 .

[28]  R. Moss,et al.  Climate change 1995 - impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change : scientific-technical analyses , 1997 .

[29]  Skouloudis Andreas nikolaos,et al.  Towards Utilisation of the Grid in Advanced Environmental Decision Support. , 2002 .

[30]  J. Houghton,et al.  Climate change 2001 : the scientific basis , 2001 .

[31]  F. Binkowski,et al.  The Regional Particulate Matter Model 1. Model description and preliminary results , 1995 .

[32]  M. Jacobson,et al.  Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols , 2022 .

[33]  Ari Karppinen,et al.  Integrated Systems for Forecasting Urban Meteorology , Air Pollution and Population Exposure FUMAPEX , 2006 .