The fabrication of an olfactory receptor neuron chip based on planar multi-electrode array and its odor-response analysis.

A novel olfactory neurochip based on olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) cultivated on the surface of the 60-channel planar multi-electrode array (MEA) devices was developed in this study. In order to investigate the odor-response characteristics of ORNs, two types of odorants at different concentrations were quantitatively pumped into the neurochip by a customized gas intake system, and the extracellular electrical activities of multiple ORNs were simultaneously recorded in vitro. Accordingly, the odor-response features of ORNs such as firing amplitude, firing threshold, firing rate as well as firing channels were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of ORN spike trains. Especially, after introducing the classification algorithm based on the spike threshold, the odor-response maps from the multiple sites could be used to identify dl-limonene (LIM) and isoamyle acetate (ISO) odorants. These preliminary studies indicate that the ORN-based biosensor developed here has a potential capability of distinguishing different odorants as a true bionic electronic nose.

[1]  R. Axel,et al.  A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition , 1991, Cell.

[2]  Anders Lansner,et al.  Modeling the response of a population of olfactory receptor neurons to an odorant , 2009, Journal of Computational Neuroscience.

[3]  Tai Hyun Park,et al.  Piezoelectric olfactory biosensor: ligand specificity and dose-dependence of an olfactory receptor expressed in a heterologous cell system. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[4]  A. Menini,et al.  Electroolfactogram responses from organotypic cultures of the olfactory epithelium from postnatal mice. , 2008, Chemical senses.

[5]  Matti Huotari,et al.  Biosensing by insect olfactory receptor neurons , 2000 .

[6]  J. Lynch,et al.  Odorant-induced currents in intact patches from rat olfactory receptor neurons: theory and experiment. , 1997, Biophysical journal.

[7]  Tai Hyun Park,et al.  Cell-based olfactory biosensor using microfabricated planar electrode. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[8]  Xiaoxiang Zheng,et al.  A portable telemetry system for brain stimulation and neuronal activity recording in freely behaving small animals , 2008, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[9]  Tai Hyun Park,et al.  Cell-based measurement of odorant molecules using surface plasmon resonance , 2006 .

[10]  P. Duchamp-Viret,et al.  Odor response properties of rat olfactory receptor neurons. , 1999, Science.

[11]  D. Trotier,et al.  Intracellular recording from salamander olfactory receptor cells , 1983, Brain Research.

[12]  J. Rospars,et al.  Spiking frequency versus odorant concentration in olfactory receptor neurons. , 2000, Bio Systems.

[13]  Peter Kordos,et al.  A BIOFET ON THE BASIS OF INTACT INSECT ANTENNAE , 1998 .

[14]  E. Morrison,et al.  Structure and function of long‐lived olfactory organotypic cultures from postnatal mice , 2004, Journal of neuroscience research.

[15]  L. Buck,et al.  Combinatorial Receptor Codes for Odors , 1999, Cell.

[16]  K. Yau,et al.  Olfactory marker protein modulates the cAMP kinetics of the odour‐induced response in cilia of mouse olfactory receptor neurons , 2007, The Journal of physiology.

[17]  Hiroshi Iwasaki,et al.  Investigation on light-addressable potentiometric sensor as a possible cell-semiconductor hybrid. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[18]  Hiroshi Kataoka,et al.  Olfactory receptor antagonism between odorants , 2004, The EMBO journal.

[19]  G. Shepherd,et al.  Responses of olfactory receptor cells to step pulses of odour at different concentrations in the salamander. , 1978, The Journal of physiology.

[20]  Peter Dayan,et al.  Theoretical Neuroscience: Computational and Mathematical Modeling of Neural Systems , 2001 .

[21]  Qingjun Liu,et al.  Olfactory cell-based biosensor: a first step towards a neurochip of bioelectronic nose. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[22]  Ada Fort,et al.  A measurement system for odor classification based on the dynamic response of QCM sensors , 2003, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas..

[23]  Qingjun Liu,et al.  Extracellular potentials recording in intact olfactory epithelium by microelectrode array for a bioelectronic nose. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.