The S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins: functions and pathology.

Calcium lons as second messengers control many biological processes, at least in part, via interaction with a large number of Ca(2+)-binding proteins. One class of these proteins shares a common Ca(2+)-binding motif, the EF-hand, Here, we describe some functional aspects of EF-hand proteins, which have been found recently in different cellular compartments. Novel links between EF-hand proteins, particularly S100 proteins, and specific diseases are now emerging.

[1]  C. Heizmann,et al.  Isolation of a YAC clone covering a cluster of nine S100 genes on human chromosome 1q21: rationale for a new nomenclature of the S100 calcium-binding protein family. , 1995, Genomics.

[2]  S. Fulle,et al.  The S-100: A protein family in search of a function , 1995, Progress in Neurobiology.

[3]  R. Kretsinger,et al.  Structure and evolution of calcium-modulated proteins. , 1980, CRC critical reviews in biochemistry.

[4]  C. Geczy,et al.  A chemotactic S100 peptide enhances scavenger receptor and Mac-1 expression and cholesteryl ester accumulation in murine peritoneal macrophages in vivo. , 1995, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[5]  S. Barger,et al.  S100 beta stimulates calcium fluxes in glial and neuronal cells. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[6]  Magnus Holm,et al.  Calcium/calmodulin inhibition of basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor domains , 1994, Nature.

[7]  Isabelle Richard,et al.  Mutations in the proteolytic enzyme calpain 3 cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A , 1995, Cell.

[8]  T. Vorherr,et al.  Calmodulin-binding domains: just two faced or multi-faceted? , 1995, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[9]  D. Grunwald,et al.  Characterization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 as a protein kinase C substrate and a S100b-binding protein. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  R. Saxton,et al.  S‐100 protein remains a practical marker for melanocytic and other tumours , 1993, Melanoma research.

[11]  M. Merten,et al.  Increased coexpression of CFTR and S100 calcium binding proteins MRP8 and MRP14 mRNAs in cystic fibrosis human tracheal gland cells. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[12]  V. Gerke,et al.  The subcellular distribution of early endosomes is affected by the annexin II2p11(2) complex , 1993, The Journal of cell biology.

[13]  E. C. Dell'Angelica,et al.  Primary structure and binding properties of calgranulin C, a novel S100-like calcium-binding protein from pig granulocytes. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[14]  C. Heizmann,et al.  Purification and characterization of the recombinant human calcium-binding S100 proteins CAPL and CACY. , 1994, Biochemistry.

[15]  R. Donato.  Perspectives in S-100 protein biology. Review article. , 1991, Cell calcium.

[16]  H. Weintraub,et al.  Interactions of myogenic bHLH transcription factors with calcium-binding calmodulin and S100a (alpha alpha) proteins. , 1995, Biochemistry.

[17]  D. Zimmer,et al.  The S100 protein family: History, function, and expression , 1995, Brain Research Bulletin.

[18]  David A. Case,et al.  The structure of calcyclin reveals a novel homodimeric fold for S100 Ca2+-binding proteins , 1995, Nature Structural Biology.

[19]  S. Pai,et al.  Characterization of a mutant calcineurin A alpha gene expressed by EL4 lymphoma cells , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[20]  R. Presland,et al.  Characterization of two distinct calcium-binding sites in the amino-terminus of human profilaggrin. , 1995, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[21]  N. Spitzer,et al.  Distinct aspects of neuronal differentiation encoded by frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ transients , 1995, Nature.

[22]  P. Yarowsky,et al.  Astrocytosis and axonal proliferation in the hippocampus of S100b transgenic mice. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[23]  J. Roder,et al.  Abnormal exploratory behavior in transgenic mice carrying multiple copies of the human gene for S100 beta. , 1995, Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN.

[24]  P. Basset,et al.  Comparative expression of the psoriasin (S100A7) and S100C genes in breast carcinoma and co‐localization to human chromosome 1q21‐q22 , 1995, International journal of cancer.

[25]  C. Heizmann,et al.  Six S100 genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q21: identification of two genes coding for the two previously unreported calcium-binding proteins S100D and S100E. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[26]  C. Heizmann,et al.  Purification and Cation Binding Properties of the Recombinant Human S100 Calcium-binding Protein A3, an EF-hand Motif Protein with High Affinity for Zinc (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[27]  C. Heizmann,et al.  Intracellular calcium-binding proteins: more sites than insights. , 1991, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[28]  P. Rudland,et al.  Induction of the metastatic phenotype by transfection of a benign rat mammary epithelial cell line with the gene for p9Ka, a rat calcium-binding protein, but not with the oncogene EJ-ras-1. , 1993, Oncogene.

[29]  J. Baudier,et al.  Ions binding to S100 proteins. I. Calcium- and zinc-binding properties of bovine brain S100 alpha alpha, S100a (alpha beta), and S100b (beta beta) protein: Zn2+ regulates Ca2+ binding on S100b protein. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.