Optical forces arising from phase gradients

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that phase gradients in a light field can be used to create a new category of optical traps complementary to the more familiar intensity-gradient traps known as optical tweezers. We further show that the work done by phase-gradient forces is path dependent and briefly discuss some ramifications of this nonconservativity.

[1]  Patrick S Doyle,et al.  Role of a finite exposure time on measuring an elastic modulus using microrheology. , 2005, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[2]  K. T. Gahagan,et al.  Optical vortex trapping of particles , 1996, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.

[3]  Bo Sun,et al.  Theory of holographic optical trapping. , 2008, Optics express.

[4]  Norman R. Heckenberg,et al.  Optical Particle Trapping with Higher-order Doughnut Beams Produced Using High Efficiency Computer Generated Holograms , 1995 .

[5]  P. Reimann.  Brownian motors: noisy transport far from equilibrium , 2000, cond-mat/0010237.

[6]  David G. Grier,et al.  Holographic microrheology of polysaccharides from Streptococcus mutans biofilms , 2009 .

[7]  David G Grier,et al.  Projecting extended optical traps with shape-phase holography. , 2006, Optics letters.

[8]  J. P. Woerdman,et al.  Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. , 1992, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[9]  D. Grier,et al.  Microoptomechanical pumps assembled and driven by holographic optical vortex arrays. , 2004, Optics express.

[10]  Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  The effect of Mie resonances on trapping in optical tweezers. , 2008, Optics express.

[11]  Norman R. Heckenberg,et al.  Optical tweezers computational toolbox , 2007 .

[12]  J. Spatz,et al.  Tuning the orbital angular momentum in optical vortex beams. , 2006, Optics express.

[13]  He,et al.  Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[14]  E. Stelzer,et al.  Photonic force microscope calibration by thermal noise analysis , 1998 .

[15]  Bo Sun,et al.  Influence of nonconservative optical forces on the dynamics of optically trapped colloidal spheres: the fountain of probability. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[16]  David G Grier,et al.  Structure of optical vortices. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[17]  David G Grier,et al.  Modulated optical vortices. , 2003, Optics letters.

[18]  Kishan Dholakia,et al.  Transfer of orbital angular momentum to an optically trapped low-index particle , 2002 .

[19]  A. Ashkin.  Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime. , 1992, Methods in cell biology.

[20]  Debra J Searles,et al.  Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[21]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[22]  Miles J. Padgett,et al.  IV The Orbital Angular Momentum of Light , 1999 .

[23]  J. Goodman.  Introduction to Fourier optics , 1969 .

[24]  H. M. Nussenzveig,et al.  Theory of optical tweezers , 1999 .

[25]  Alexander Jesacher,et al.  Size selective trapping with optical "cogwheel" tweezers. , 2004, Optics express.

[26]  Yael Roichman,et al.  Optimized holographic optical traps. , 2005, Optics express.

[27]  S. Chu,et al.  Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles. , 1986, Optics letters.

[28]  J. Katz,et al.  Digital holographic microscope for measuring three-dimensional particle distributions and motions. , 2006, Applied optics.

[29]  David G Grier,et al.  Giant colloidal diffusivity on corrugated optical vortices. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[30]  David G. Grier,et al.  Interactions, dynamics, and elasticity in charge-stabilized colloidal crystals , 1998 .

[31]  Miles J. Padgett,et al.  Three-dimensional optical confinement of micron-sized metal particles and the decoupling of the spin and orbital angular momentum within an optical spanner , 2000 .

[32]  The effect of Mie resonances on trapping in optical tweezers: comment. , 2009, Optics express.

[33]  P. Doyle,et al.  Static and dynamic errors in particle tracking microrheology. , 2005, Biophysical journal.

[34]  Miles J. Padgett,et al.  Optical tweezers and optical spanners with Laguerre-Gaussian modes , 1996 .

[35]  Seung-Man Yang,et al.  Characterizing and tracking single colloidal particles with video holographic microscopy. , 2007, Optics express.

[36]  Jennifer E. Curtis,et al.  Dynamic holographic optical tweezers , 2002 .