Combining Linguistic Information in a Distributed Intelligent Agent Model for Information Gathering

The linguistic approach based on fuzzy sets has given very good results in the modeling of qualitative information, from what has been applied to solve several real-world problems in medicine, information retrieval, education, etc. In this paper, some practical considerations about the choice and semantic of the linguistic term set of such an approach, as well as diierent proposals of aggre-gation of linguistic information are studied. The Linguistic Weighted Averaging Operator to aggregate linguistic weighted information is described, and its use as a way of incorporating more exibility in the information gathering and communication process among agents in a distributed intelligent agent model on the Internet is presented.

[1]  Chiu-Keung Law Using fuzzy numbers in educational grading system , 1996, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[2]  J. Kacprzyk Group decision making with a fuzzy linguistic majority , 1986 .

[3]  José L. Verdegay,et al.  On aggregation operations of linguistic labels , 1993, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[4]  Charles J. Petrie,et al.  Agent-Based Engineering, the Web, and Intelligence , 1996, IEEE Expert.

[5]  D. Kraft,et al.  An extended fuzzy linguistic approach to generalize Boolean information retrieval , 1994 .

[6]  Cerry M. Klein,et al.  A new algorithm for fuzzy multicriteria decision making , 1992, Int. J. Approx. Reason..

[7]  M.J. Martin-Bautista,et al.  An approach to an adaptive information retrieval agent using genetic algorithms with fuzzy set genes , 1997, Proceedings of 6th International Fuzzy Systems Conference.

[8]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  Direct approach processes in group decision making using linguistic OWA operators , 1996, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[9]  Gloria Bordogna,et al.  A linguistic modeling of consensus in group decision making based on OWA operators , 1997, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.

[10]  R. Yager,et al.  FUZMAR: an approach to aggregating market research data based on fuzzy reasoning , 1994 .

[11]  F. J. Juan Aggregation of fuzzy opinions in a non-homogeneous group , 1988 .

[12]  R. Yager A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR ORDINAL MULTIOBJECTIVE DECISIONS BASED ON FUZZY SETS , 1993 .

[13]  Huey-Ming Lee,et al.  Applying fuzzy set theory to evaluate the rate of aggregative risk in software development , 1996, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[14]  G. A. Miller THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, PLUS OR MINUS TWO: SOME LIMITS ON OUR CAPACITY FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION 1 , 1956 .

[15]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  Aggregation operators for linguistic weighted information , 1997, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.

[16]  Lotfi A. Zadeh,et al.  The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning - II , 1975, Inf. Sci..

[17]  V. Torra The weighted OWA operator , 1997, International Journal of Intelligent Systems.

[18]  Lotfi A. Zadeh,et al.  A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO FUZZY QUANTIFIERS IN NATURAL LANGUAGES , 1983 .

[19]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  Intelligent agents: theory and practice , 1995, The Knowledge Engineering Review.

[20]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  Linguistic measures based on fuzzy coincidence for reaching consensus in group decision making , 1997, Int. J. Approx. Reason..

[21]  James A. Hendler Intelligent Agents: Where AI Meets Information Technology , 1996, IEEE Expert.

[22]  P. Maes Modeling adaptive autonomous agents , 1993 .

[23]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  Is it an Agent, or Just a Program?: A Taxonomy for Autonomous Agents , 1996, ATAL.

[24]  Les Gasser,et al.  AI on the WWW : Supply and Demand Agents , 1995, IEEE Expert.

[25]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Agents that reduce work and information overload , 1994, CACM.

[26]  Gloria Bordogna,et al.  A Fuzzy Linguistic Approach Generalizing Boolean Information Retrieval: A Model and Its Evaluation , 1993, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[27]  Elie Sanchez,et al.  Importance in Knowledge systems , 1989, Inf. Syst..

[28]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  Choice processes for non-homogeneous group decision making in linguistic setting , 1998, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[29]  Michael McGill,et al.  Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval , 1983 .

[30]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  Intelligent agents for World Wide Web advertising decisions , 1997, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[31]  James E. Baker,et al.  Adaptive Selection Methods for Genetic Algorithms , 1985, International Conference on Genetic Algorithms.

[32]  W. Cholewa Aggregation of fuzzy opinions — an axiomatic approach , 1985 .

[33]  G. Pasi,et al.  A Fuzzy Linguistic Approach Generalizing Boolean Information Retrieval: a Model and its Evaluation , 1993 .

[34]  G. Bortolan,et al.  The problem of linguistic approximation in clinical decision making , 1988, Int. J. Approx. Reason..

[35]  D. Dubois,et al.  Weighted fuzzy pattern matching , 1988 .

[36]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Collaborative Interface Agents , 1994, AAAI.

[37]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  Consensus Based on Fuzzy Coincidence for Group Decision Making in Linguistic Setting , 1997 .

[38]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  An approach to ordinal decision making , 1995, Int. J. Approx. Reason..

[39]  J. Buckley The multiple judge, multiple criteria ranking problem: A fuzzy set approach , 1984 .

[40]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  Protocol for Negotiations among Multiple Intelligent Agents , 1997 .

[41]  D. Dubois,et al.  Social choice axioms for fuzzy set aggregation , 1991 .

[42]  V. Torra Negation functions based semantics for ordered linguistic labels , 1996 .

[43]  LawChi-Keung Using fuzzy numbers in educational grading system , 1996 .

[44]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  Non-numeric multi-criteria multi-person decision making , 1993 .

[45]  R. Yager Quantifier guided aggregation using OWA operators , 1996, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[46]  José L. Verdegay,et al.  A model for linguistic partial information in decision‐making problems , 1994, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[47]  Pao-Long Chang,et al.  A fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method for technology transfer strategy selection in biotechnology , 1994 .

[48]  Peter Szolovits,et al.  Categorical and Probabilistic Reasoning in Medical Diagnosis , 1990, Artif. Intell..

[49]  L. A. ZADEH,et al.  The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning - I , 1975, Inf. Sci..

[50]  Huey-Ming Lee,et al.  Group decision making using fuzzy sets theory for evaluating the rate of aggregative risk in software development , 1996, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[51]  Yoav Shoham,et al.  An Adaptive Agent for Automated Web Browsing , 1997 .

[52]  Piero P. Bonissone,et al.  A Linguistic Approach to Decisionmaking with Fuzzy Sets , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[53]  Katia P. Sycara,et al.  Distributed Intelligent Agents , 1996, IEEE Expert.

[54]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  Fuzzy Screening Systems , 1993 .

[55]  Mao-Jiun J. Wang,et al.  A MULTIPLE CRITERIA LINGUISTIC DECISION-MODEL (MCLDM) FOR HUMAN DECISION-MAKING , 1994 .

[56]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  On Weighted median Aggregation , 1994, Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl. Based Syst..

[57]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multicriteria decision-making , 1988 .

[58]  Piero P. Bonissone,et al.  A fuzzy sets based linguistic approach: Theory and applications , 1980, WSC '80.

[59]  José L. Verdegay,et al.  Linguistic decision‐making models , 1992, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[60]  Piero P. Bonissone,et al.  Selecting Uncertainty Calculi and Granularity: An Experiment in Trading-off Precision and Complexity , 1985, UAI.

[61]  Thomas L. Dean,et al.  A Framework for the Development of Multiagent Architectures , 1996, IEEE Expert.

[62]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  A model of consensus in group decision making under linguistic assessments , 1996, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[63]  Michael J. Pazzani,et al.  Learning from hotlists and coldlists: towards a WWW information filtering and seeking agent , 1995, Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence.

[64]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  A rational consensus model in group decision making using linguistic assessments , 1997, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[65]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  Applications and Extensions of OWA Aggregations , 1992, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[66]  Daniel S. Weld,et al.  Intelligent Agents on the Internet: Fact, Fiction, and Forecast , 1995, IEEE Expert.

[67]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  A Sequential Selection Process in Group Decision Making with a Linguistic Assessment Approach , 1995, Inf. Sci..

[68]  Ching-Lai Hwang,et al.  Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making - Methods and Applications , 1992, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems.

[69]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Challenger: a multi-agent system for distributed resource allocation , 1997, AGENTS '97.

[70]  Ronald R. Yager A note on weighted queries in information retrieval systems , 1987, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..