2-Deoxyglucose experiments have raised the possibility of a functional organization for spatial frequency in macaque striate cortex. To analyze this possibility with better spatial resolution, we made tangential microelectrode penetrations at constant eccentricity through supragranular striate cortex in 7 anesthetized, paralyzed macaque monkeys. We recorded from 121 single units. The data fell into two distinct populations with respect to mean preferred spatial frequency: (i) interblob cells (3.8 +/- 2.0 cycles/degree, n = 83) and (ii) blob cells (1.1 +/- 0.8 cycles/degree, n = 38; P less than 0.001). Beyond this, we found no evidence for an orderly mapping of spatial frequency optima. At blob-interblob borders, we observed abrupt shifts from low, relatively uniform spatial frequency optima (blobs) to higher optima that varied unsystematically (interblobs). The spatial frequency optima (low vs. high) and nature of the tuning curves (low-pass vs. band-pass) in blob vs. interblob cells correlate well with psychophysical measures of the same differences for the chrominance vs. luminance channels. These data are consistent with a functional subdivision of striate cortex in which blob cells carry information concerned predominantly with color and interblob neurons carry information important for form analysis.