Subjective Comparison Between Stereo Dipole and 3D Ambisonic Surround Systems for Automotive Applications

The paper describes the results of a subjective evaluation experiment: two methods for recording a three-dimensional sound field and for reproducing it through loudspeakers in a proper listening room are compared. The first method is the binaural method known as Stereo Dipole, based on digital filtering of binaural recordings or binaurally synthesized sound tracks: it allows for reproduction over a pair of closely-located loudspeakers. The second method is a software implementation of the well-known Ambisonics methodology, in which a B-format recording made with a Soundfield mic, or a synthesized B-format soundtrack, is reproduced over a 3D array of 8 loudspeakers. The subjective comparisons were made in a listening room fitted with 10 loudspeakers, and the listeners did not know at what of the two systems they were listening. Both reproduction systems were employed for blind evaluation of the sound field generated by audio systems of different cars.

[1]  Jerome Daniel,et al.  Ambisonics Encoding of Other Audio Formats for Multiple Listening Conditions , 1998 .

[2]  Hareo Hamada,et al.  The stereo dipole : A virtual source imaging system using two closely spaced loudspeakers , 1998 .

[3]  Henrik Møller Fundamentals of binaural technology , 1991 .

[4]  Philip A. Nelson,et al.  Digital Filter Design for Virtual Source Imaging Systems , 1998 .

[5]  Domenico Stanzial,et al.  Energetic properties of acoustic fields , 1994 .

[6]  Mark A. Poletti,et al.  The Design of Encoding Functions for Stereophonic and Polyphonic Sound Systems , 1996 .

[7]  John Mourjopoulos,et al.  Digital Equalization of Room Acoustics , 1994 .

[8]  Angelo Farina Software Implementation of B-Format Encoding and Decoding , 1998 .

[9]  Angelo Farina,et al.  ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS IN OPERA HOUSES: COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT , 2000 .

[10]  Angelo Farina,et al.  Software Implementation of an MLS Analyzer with Tools for Convolution, Auralization and Inverse Filtering , 1997 .

[11]  Jean-Marc Jot,et al.  Approaches to Binaural Synthesis , 1998 .

[12]  Angelo Farina,et al.  Spatial Equalization of Sound Systems in Cars , 1998 .

[13]  Jont B. Allen,et al.  Invertibility of a room impulse response , 1979 .

[14]  Angelo Farina Numerical model of the sound field inside cars for the creation of virtual audible reconstructions , 2000 .

[15]  Angelo Farina,et al.  Automatic Measurement System for Car Audio Applications , 1998 .

[16]  Durand R. Begault,et al.  Studying room acoustics using a monopole‐dipole microphone array , 1998 .

[17]  A. Bellini,et al.  Non-linear Digital Audio Processor For Dedicated Loudspeaker Systems , 1998, International 1998 Conference on Consumer Electronics.

[18]  Jean-Marc Jot,et al.  Equalization Methods in Binaural Technology , 1998 .

[19]  Hareo Hamada,et al.  Virtual Source Imaging Using the -Stereo Dipole- , 1997 .

[20]  Angelo Farina,et al.  Subjective Comparison of Different Car Audio Systems by the Auralization Technique , 1997 .

[21]  Michael A. Gerzon,et al.  Ambisonics in Multichannel Broadcasting and Video , 1985 .