The Effects of Size on Research Performance: A SPRU Review

Executive Summary iiAcknowledgements vA. Introduction 1B. Methodological Issues 2B.1 Unit of Analysis 2B.2 Measurement of Inputs and Outputs 3B.3 Statistical Methods 4B.4 Economic Terminology 5C. Findings from Previous Studies 6C.1 Individuals, Groups, Teams and Networks 7C.2 Departments 8C.3 Institutions 10C.4 Summary – Quantity and Quality 11D. Other Influences on Research Performance 12D.1 Fields and Disciplines 12D.2 Other Factors 12D.3 Concentration Policies 13E. Conclusions and Policy Implications 14References 16

[1]  Dag W. Aksnes,et al.  Scientific Productivity and Group Size: A Bibliometric Analysis of Norwegian Microbiological Research , 2004, Scientometrics.

[2]  Noel Hyndman,et al.  Efficiency in the provision of university teaching and research: An empirical analysis of UK universities , 1995 .

[3]  Stephen Cole,et al.  Social Stratification in Science. , 1973 .

[4]  Diana Hicks,et al.  A systemic view of British science , 2005, Scientometrics.

[5]  Andrew M. Colman,et al.  A bibliometric evaluation of the research performance of British university politics departments: Publications in leading journals , 2005, Scientometrics.

[6]  Scale economies in academic excellence: An exploratory analysis of the United Kingdom's 1992 research selectivity exercise , 1995 .

[7]  G. Johnes COSTS AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE IN CONTEMPORARY BRITISH HIGHER EDUCATION , 1997 .

[8]  M. Brewer,et al.  Intellectual Capital and the Birth of U.S. Biotechnology Enterprises , 1994 .

[9]  Stanley D. Stephenson The Use of Small Groups in Computer-Based Training: A Review of Recent Literature. , 1994 .

[10]  Hildrun Kretschmer,et al.  Cooperation structure, group size and productivity in research groups , 2005, Scientometrics.

[11]  Sven Hemlin,et al.  Research production in the arts and humanities , 1996, Scientometrics.

[12]  J. S. Katz,et al.  The self-similar science system , 1999 .

[13]  A. Raan,et al.  A bibliometric analysis of six economics research groups: A comparison with peer review , 1993 .

[14]  M. M. Qurashi Dependence of publication-rate on size of some university groups and departments in U. K. and Greece in comparison with N. C. I., USA , 2005, Scientometrics.

[15]  J. E. Cohen,et al.  Size, age and productivity of scientific and technical research groups , 1991, Scientometrics.

[16]  Donald C. Pelz,et al.  Scientists in Organizations: Productive Climates for Research and Development. , 1968 .

[17]  J. Fredericks Volkwein,et al.  The Cost Structure of American Research Universities , 1991 .

[18]  M. M. Qurashi,et al.  Publication-rate and size of two prolific research groups in departments of inorganic chemistry at Dacca University (1944–1965) and Zoology at Karachi University (1966–84) , 2005, Scientometrics.

[19]  Paul G. Hare,et al.  Modelling the determination of research output in British universities , 1988 .

[20]  Svein Kyvik,et al.  The Bureaucratisation of Universities , 1998 .

[21]  Stephen Cole,et al.  Social Stratification in Science , 1974 .

[22]  G. Zachos,et al.  Research output evaluation of two University Departments in Greece with the use of bibliometric indicators , 1991, Scientometrics.

[23]  V. Plerou,et al.  Similarities between the growth dynamics of university research and of competitive economic activities , 1999, Nature.

[24]  John J. Siegfried,et al.  Estimating economies of scale in higher education , 1991 .

[25]  Manuel Krauskopf,et al.  Size and ageing of the scientific community in Chile , 2005, Scientometrics.

[26]  R. Johnston Effects of resource concentration on research performance , 1994 .

[27]  A. Elzinga The New Production of Knowledge. The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies , 1997 .

[28]  Cinzia Daraio,et al.  Age effects in scientific productivity , 2003, Scientometrics.

[29]  Svein Kyvik,et al.  Are big university departments better than small ones? , 1995 .

[30]  Alfred J. Lotka,et al.  The frequency distribution of scientific productivity , 1926 .

[31]  State regulation and university behavior , 1993 .

[32]  J. E. Cohen,et al.  Publication rate as a function of laboratory size in three biomedical research institutions , 2005, Scientometrics.

[33]  D. W. Verry,et al.  Cost functions for University teaching and research , 1975 .

[34]  A. Raan The use of bibliometric analysis in research performance assessment and monitoring of interdisciplinary scientific developments , 2003 .

[35]  M. Obersteiner,et al.  Efficiency and Economies of Scale in Academic Knowledge Production , 1999 .

[36]  Paul T. Brinkman,et al.  Economies of Scale in Higher Education: Sixty Years of Research , 2017 .

[37]  J. S. Katz,et al.  What is research collaboration , 1997 .

[38]  Jill Johnes,et al.  Measuring the Research Performance of UK Economics Departments: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis , 1993 .

[39]  C. Bland,et al.  Characteristics of a productive research environment: literature review , 1992, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[40]  Katarina Prpic,et al.  Characteristics and determinants of eminent scientists' productivity , 2005, Scientometrics.

[41]  Diana Hicks,et al.  Is big really better , 1989 .

[42]  M. Albornoz Re-Thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty , 2003 .

[43]  Donald C. Pelz,et al.  Scientists in Organizations: Productive Climates for Research and Development. , 1978 .

[44]  D. Hicks Published Papers, Tacit Competencies and Corporate Management of the Public/Private Character of Knowledge , 1995 .

[45]  J. S. Long,et al.  Organizational Context and Scientific Productivity , 1981 .

[46]  Aldo Geuna,et al.  The Changing Rationale for European University Research Funding: Are There Negative Unintended Consequences? , 2001 .

[47]  Isabel Gómez,et al.  Local, Domestic and International Scientific Collaboration in Biomedical Research , 1996, Scientometrics.

[48]  Wesley Shrum,et al.  The organization of scientific collaborations , 2002 .

[49]  Lucia Cusmano,et al.  Unveiling the texture of a European Research Area: emergence of oligarchic networks under EU Framework Programmes , 2002, Int. J. Technol. Manag..

[50]  Halil Dundar,et al.  Departmental Productivity in American Universities: Economies of Scale and Scope , 1995 .

[51]  G. Davis,et al.  A comparison of Australian university output using journal impact factors , 2005, Scientometrics.

[52]  E. Cohn,et al.  Institutions of Higher Education as Multi-product Firms: Economies of Scale and Scope , 1989 .

[53]  James P. Gander,et al.  Academic research and teaching productivities: A case study☆ , 1995 .

[54]  S. Schwartzman,et al.  The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies , 1994 .