Digitale Medien in der Psychotherapie – Neue Ansätze und Perspektiven in der Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen

Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in neue Ansätze und Perspektiven bei der Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen unter Einsatz digitaler Medien. Ausgangslage ist die unzureichende flächendeckende Versorgung bei Traumafolgestörungen und die Suche nach neuen, spezifischen Behandlungsstrategien. Zunächst werden exemplarisch digitale Ansätze vorgestellt, die bekannte analoge Therapien zur Grundlage haben und zu deren Verbreitung und Ökonomisierung beitragen. Der Fokus liegt jedoch auf digitalen Therapien, die neue – z. B. aus der Kognitionswissenschaft entwickelte – Ansätze zur gezielten Arbeit an Symptomen erstmals nach deren Entwicklung in Grundlagenstudien auch an klinischen Populationen anwenden. Beispiele hierfür sind visuospatiale Interventionen zur Reduktion von Intrusionen und Trainings zur Verbesserung der Interferenzkontrolle (um traumabezogene Stimuli zu kontrollieren) oder zur Veränderung automatischer dysfunktionaler Kognitionen. Diese werden mit dem theoretischen Hintergrund und ersten (z.T. klinischen) Studien näher dargestellt, welche bereits vielversprechende Ergebnisse bezüglich Akzeptanz, Anwendbarkeit und Effektivität zeigen.

[1]  Nikolai Axmacher,et al.  Visuospatial computer game play after memory reminder delivered three days after a traumatic film reduces the number of intrusive memories of the experimental trauma. , 2020, Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.

[2]  Henrik Kessler,et al.  Investigating the effect of proactive interference control training on intrusive memories , 2019, European journal of psychotraumatology.

[3]  Nikolai Axmacher,et al.  Reducing Intrusive Memories of Trauma Using a Visuospatial Interference Intervention With Inpatients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) , 2018, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[4]  E. Holmes,et al.  Memory boundaries: opening a window inspired by reconsolidation to treat anxiety, trauma-related, and addiction disorders. , 2018, The lancet. Psychiatry.

[5]  Henrik Kessler,et al.  Augmenting inpatient treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder with a computerised cognitive bias modification procedure targeting appraisals (CBM-App): protocol for a randomised controlled trial , 2018, BMJ Open.

[6]  F. Padberg,et al.  Stationäre Therapie der komplexen PTBS in Folge körperlicher oder sexualisierter Gewalt in der Kindheit: Wirksamkeit und Prädiktoren des Behandlungsverlaufs , 2018, PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie.

[7]  J. Owen,et al.  PTSD Coach around the world. , 2018, mHealth.

[8]  Gerhard Andersson,et al.  Internet interventions: Past, present and future , 2018, Internet interventions.

[9]  E. Holmes,et al.  The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow's science. , 2018, The lancet. Psychiatry.

[10]  J. Bisson,et al.  Internet-based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. , 2018, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[11]  G. Andersson,et al.  Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis , 2018, Cognitive behaviour therapy.

[12]  Emily A. Holmes,et al.  Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma , 2017, European journal of psychotraumatology.

[13]  Emily A. Holmes,et al.  Reducing intrusive traumatic memories after emergency caesarean section: A proof-of-principle randomized controlled study , 2017, Behaviour research and therapy.

[14]  E. Holmes,et al.  Selective Association Between Tetris Game Play and Visuospatial Working Memory: A Preliminary Investigation , 2017, Applied cognitive psychology.

[15]  A. Lang,et al.  Information Processing in PTSD: Evidence for Biased Attentional, Interpretation, and Memory Processes , 2017 .

[16]  Julie Krans,et al.  Modification of cognitive biases related to posttraumatic stress: A systematic review and research agenda. , 2017, Clinical psychology review.

[17]  E. Holmes,et al.  Neural progenitor fate decision defects, cortical hypoplasia and behavioral impairment in Celsr1-deficient mice , 2017, Molecular Psychiatry.

[18]  C. B. Taylor,et al.  A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Smartphone App for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms , 2017, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[19]  P. Cuijpers,et al.  EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNET‐DELIVERED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META‐ANALYSIS , 2016, Depression and anxiety.

[20]  David Gratzer,et al.  Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of psychiatric illness , 2016, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[21]  C. Knaevelsrud,et al.  Internet-based interventions for posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 2016, Clinical psychology review.

[22]  C. Forneris,et al.  Psychological treatments for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2016, Clinical psychology review.

[23]  A. Maercker,et al.  Personalisierte Internet-Psychotherapie-Angebote für die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung , 2015, Der Nervenarzt.

[24]  M. Stein,et al.  Interference control training for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial of a novel computer-based intervention. , 2015, Journal of anxiety disorders.

[25]  Ella L. James,et al.  Computer Game Play Reduces Intrusive Memories of Experimental Trauma via Reconsolidation-Update Mechanisms , 2015, Psychological science.

[26]  Dan J Stein,et al.  Epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: prevalence, correlates and consequences , 2015, Current opinion in psychiatry.

[27]  E. Holmes,et al.  Psychological treatments: A call for mental-health science , 2014, Nature.

[28]  C. Lewis,et al.  Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. , 2013, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[29]  Emily A. Holmes,et al.  Reducing analogue trauma symptoms by computerized reappraisal training – Considering a cognitive prophylaxis? , 2013, Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.

[30]  Pim Cuijpers,et al.  A meta-analysis of the contribution of eye movements in processing emotional memories. , 2013, Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.

[31]  Tim Dalgleish,et al.  Ameliorating intrusive memories of distressing experiences using computerized reappraisal training. , 2012, Emotion.

[32]  A. Lang,et al.  The relationship between cognitive control and posttraumatic stress symptoms. , 2012, Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.

[33]  Tim Dalgleish,et al.  Imagery in the aftermath of viewing a traumatic film: Using cognitive tasks to modulate the development of involuntary memory , 2012, Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.

[34]  M. Paulus,et al.  Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma , 2012, Neuropharmacology.

[35]  C. Knaevelsrud,et al.  S3 – LEITLINIE Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung ICD-10: F43.1 , 2011 .

[36]  Maurice M. W. Nieuwenhuis,et al.  Pre-Stressor Interference Control and Intrusive Memories , 2010, Cognitive Therapy and Research.

[37]  A. Maercker,et al.  Long-Term Effects of an Internet-Based Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress , 2010, Cognitive behaviour therapy.

[38]  Iris M. Engelhard,et al.  The impact of taxing working memory on negative and positive memories , 2010, European journal of psychotraumatology.

[39]  I. Wessel,et al.  Individual differences in experiencing intrusive memories: the role of the ability to resist proactive interference. , 2009, Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.

[40]  Emily A. Holmes,et al.  Can Playing the Computer Game “Tetris” Reduce the Build-Up of Flashbacks for Trauma? A Proposal from Cognitive Science , 2009, PloS one.

[41]  Michele A. Schottenbauer,et al.  Nonresponse and Dropout Rates in Outcome Studies on PTSD: Review and Methodological Considerations , 2008, Psychiatry.

[42]  I. Wessel,et al.  Pre-stressor cognitive control is related to intrusive cognition of a stressful film. , 2008, Behaviour research and therapy.

[43]  R. Bryant,et al.  Maladaptive self-appraisals before trauma exposure predict posttraumatic stress disorder. , 2007, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[44]  E. Glucksman,et al.  Early predictors of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in assault survivors , 2007, Psychological Medicine.

[45]  A. Maercker,et al.  Internet-based treatment for PTSD reduces distress and facilitates the development of a strong therapeutic alliance: a randomized controlled clinical trial , 2007, BMC psychiatry.

[46]  P. Emmelkamp,et al.  Interapy: a controlled randomized trial of the standardized treatment of posttraumatic stress through the internet. , 2003, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[47]  Joseph E LeDoux,et al.  Reply — reconsolidation: The labile nature of consolidation theory , 2000, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[48]  R. Kessler,et al.  Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society. , 2000, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[49]  D. Clark,et al.  A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. , 2000, Behaviour research and therapy.

[50]  A. Baddeley,et al.  Working memory and the vividness of imagery. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. General.