A bias in estimating urban population density functions.
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Abstract This paper demonstrates that because of the rules used to delineate census tracts, unweighted estimation of an urban population density function using census tract observations leads to a severe upward bias in the estimated function. A weighted estimation procedure which leads to an unbiased estimate is proposed. The paper also points out that if one computes the integral of an unbiased estimate of a density function over the area of a city, that integral is not necessarily an unbiased estimate of total population. The paper thus explains the “disturbing” empirical results concerning density functions reported by McDonald and Bowman.
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