Products of incomplete combustion (Ox, COx, HOx, NOx, SOx ROx, MOx and POx)

Abstract Perceived needs to identify easily measured surrogates for products of incomplete combustion (PICs) from hazardous wastes incinerators have spawned a spirited scientific debate. Can any simple surrogates be correlated with PICs? What surrogates can be measured and at what levels? How should surrogates be normalized, averaged, and reported? Carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbons (THC) are two possible candidates. Interim guidelines of 100 ppm for CO and 20 ppm for THC have been suggested by the U.S. EPA for use by permit writers. Formal proposal, public comment, and promulgation as regulatory standards are being considered. Although CO, and possibly THC, have some utility as parameters of operation, both have recognized limitations as parameters of performance. There are also shortcomings in their measurement, normalization and statistical averaging. Correlations of CO or THC with PICs, or with each other, are not quantitative. Continuous emission monitoring (CEM) is difficult. Interpretation of results is equivocal. Alternatives to technology-forcing “guidelines” are needed. Flexible control strategies, further development of CEM monitoring technology, valid statistical analysis of emissions, and consideration of composite parameters are encouraged.

[1]  Kun-chieh Lee Research Areas for Improved Incineration System Performance , 1988 .

[2]  David T. Mage Pseudo-Lognormal Distributions , 1984 .

[3]  E. Wehry,et al.  Adsorption and photodegradation of pyrene on magnetic, carbonaceous, and mineral subfractions of coal stack ash , 1989 .

[4]  E T Oppelt,et al.  Incineration of hazardous waste. A critical review. , 1987, JAPCA.

[5]  F. W. Preston PSEUDO-LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS' , 1981 .

[6]  R. A. Olexsey,et al.  On the Relationship Between CO, POHC, and PIC Emissions from a Simulated Hazardous Waste Incinerator , 1989 .

[7]  B. Dellinger,et al.  Surrogate compounds for monitoring the effectiveness of incineration systems , 1986 .

[8]  S. Senkan Converting methane by chlorine-catalyzed oxidative pyrolysis , 1987 .

[9]  J. R. Arthur Reactions between carbon and oxygen , 1951 .

[10]  Y. Soh,et al.  Properties of the Geometric Mean Functional Relationship , 1988 .

[11]  W. Ott A physical explanation of the lognormality of pollutant concentrations. , 1990, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[12]  Stacy L. Daniels,et al.  Technical and legal implications of the regulatory definition of hazardous waste. A lack of basic understanding of the chemical process industry can blur the distinction between production processes and waste‐management facilities , 1982 .

[13]  T. Bidleman,et al.  Atmospheric processes: wet and dry deposition of organic compounds are controlled by their vapor-particle partitioning , 1988 .

[14]  Panos G. Georgopoulos,et al.  Statistical distributions of air pollutant concentrations , 1982 .

[15]  Stacy L. Daniels,et al.  Hazardous material and waste management perspectives of a large integrated chemical manufacturing complex. Failure to classify wastes by degree of hazard and facilities by degree of control can result in overclassification of wastes and limited availability of facilities , 1982 .