InGaAs/GaAs Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Laser on GaAs (311)B Substrate Using Carbon Auto-Doping

We have realized a low threshold InGaAs/GaAs vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) grown on GaAs (311)B substrates by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition. The lasers exhibited a threshold current of 16 mA and a threshold current density of 810 A/cm2 for a 50 µm circular active area device. We obtained low electric resistance of p-type DBRs on GaAs (311)B by using AlAs carbon auto-doping with a hole concentration of 2×1019 cm-3. We also demonstrated a stable polarization operation of (311)B grown VCSELs.