Image enhancement: A review

We first describe the basic linear and non-linear mathematical operations underlying most image enhancement techniques, and compare the hardware available for carrying out these operations which includes digital computers, optical set-ups and special electro-optical devices. Then we give a brief account of the commonly used image enhancement techniques, such as contrast enhancement, crispening, noise elimination, and inverse filtering. Finally, we mention some examples of image enhancement in the biomedical area.

[1]  N. Wiener,et al.  Nonlinear Problems in Random Theory , 1964 .

[2]  Joseph W. Goodman,et al.  Comparative Noise Performance of Photographic Emulsions in Holographic and Conventional Imagery , 1968 .

[3]  C. W. Barnes.  Object Restoration in a Diffraction-Limited Imaging System , 1966 .

[4]  A. J. Seyler.  Real-time recording of television frame difference areas , 1963 .

[5]  G W Ellis,et al.  Holomicrography: Transformation of Image during Reconstruction a posteriori , 1966, Science.

[6]  A. Lohmann,et al.  Complex spatial filtering with binary masks. , 1966, Applied optics.

[7]  A. B. Vander Lugt,et al.  Signal detection by complex spatial filtering , 1964, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[8]  E. Green.  Diffraction in lensless correlation. , 1968, Applied optics.

[9]  R. Shack.  The Influence of Image Motion and Shutter Operation on the Photographic Transfer Function , 1964 .

[10]  H C Becker,et al.  Laser light diffraction, spatial filtering, and reconstruction of medical radiographic images: a pilot study. , 1968, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.

[11]  Leonard J. Porcello,et al.  Optical data processing and filtering systems , 1960, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[12]  Lawrence G. Roberts,et al.  Picture coding using pseudo-random noise , 1962, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[13]  A. Oppenheim,et al.  Nonlinear filtering of multiplied and convolved signals , 1968 .

[14]  C. Helstrom.  Image Restoration by the Method of Least Squares , 1967 .

[15]  H. J. Zimmermann,et al.  Electronic circuits, signals, and systems , 1960 .

[16]  R. Gregory.  A Technique for Minimizing the Effects of Atmospheric Disturbance on Photographic Telescopes , 1964, Nature.

[17]  C. K. Rushforth,et al.  Restoration, Resolution, and Noise , 1968 .

[18]  J. L. Harris,et al.  Image Evaluation and Restoration , 1966 .

[19]  F F Ruzicka,et al.  Xeromammography and film mammography: completion of a comparative study. , 1967, Radiology.

[20]  B Grolman,et al.  The hologram and its ophthalmic potential. , 1966, American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry.

[21]  S K Hilal,et al.  Optical filtering to compensate for degradation of radiographic images produced by extended sources. , 1968, Applied optics.

[22]  J. L. Harris,et al.  Diffraction and Resolving Power , 1964 .

[23]  H. A. Smith.  Improvement of the Resolution of a Linear Scanning Device , 1966 .

[24]  A. E. Attard,et al.  Photoelectroplating light modulator. , 1968, Applied optics.

[25]  J. K. Hawkins,et al.  Image Processing by Electron-Optical Techniques , 1967 .

[26]  O. J. Tretiak,et al.  Design considerations in PCM transmission of low-resolution monochrome still pictures , 1967 .

[27]  B. M. Oliver.  Sparkling spots and random diffraction , 1963 .

[28]  R. E. Graham,et al.  Snow removal-A noise-stripping process for picture signals , 1962, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[29]  Joseph W. Goodman,et al.  WAVEFRONT‐RECONSTRUCTION IMAGING THROUGH RANDOM MEDIA , 1966 .

[30]  Dennis Gabor,et al.  Interference Microscope with Total Wavefront Reconstruction , 1966 .

[31]  H E Neugebauer,et al.  Development method and modulation transfer function of xerography. , 1967, Applied optics.

[32]  W J NETTLETON,et al.  EVALUATION OF A COMPUTER-RETRIEVED RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE. , 1963, Radiology.

[33]  J. Tukey,et al.  An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series , 1965 .

[34]  C. Rader,et al.  Digital filter design techniques in the frequency domain , 1967 .

[35]  K. Snow,et al.  An application of holography to interference microscopy. , 1968, Applied optics.

[36]  D. Gabor.  A New Microscopic Principle , 1948, Nature.

[37]  C Knox,et al.  Holographic Microscopy as a Technique for Recording Dynamic Microscopic Subjects , 1966, Science.

[38]  D. Slepian.  Linear Least-Squares Filtering of Distorted Images , 1967 .