Thermal and rheological computations for artificially frozen ground construction

Abstract Design considerations for frozen retaining structures are summarized including geology and groundwater conditions; ground deformations due to freezing; the strength and deformation of the frozen earth retaining structures; the thermal assumption and methods of computation; and the refrigeration system. Brief case histories of typical construction projects that illustrate the use of mechanical refrigeration and liquid nitrogen for freezing are presented. Emphasis is placed on the constitutive equation for creep deformation of frozen earth structures and the thermal calculations for predicting times to freeze a structure as well as estimating the energy and power required for different stages of freezing.

[1]  William R. Heller,et al.  Creep Of Engineering Materials , 1959 .

[2]  F. Sayles.  Creep of Frozen Sands , 1968 .

[3]  S. Vialov.  RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND BEARING CAPACITY OF FROZEN SOILS , 1965 .

[4]  Robert L. Sproull,et al.  The Conduction of Heat in Solids , 1962 .

[5]  O. Andersland,et al.  Stress Effect on Creep Rates of a Frozen Clay Soil , 1967 .

[6]  F. Sayles,et al.  Creep of Frozen Silt and Clay. , 1974 .

[7]  E. Thompson,et al.  IN SITU CREEP ANALYSIS OF ROOM IN FROZEN SOIL , 1972 .

[8]  S. Vyalov.  METHODS OF DETERMINING CREEP, LONG-TERM STRENGTH AND COMPRESSIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF FROZEN SOILS , 1969 .

[9]  Sp Collins,et al.  SHAFT SINKING BY GROUND FREEZING: ELY OUSE-ESSEX SCHEME , 1972 .

[10]  Edward C McRoberts,et al.  Some Aspects of a Simple Secondary Creep Model for Deformations in Permafrost Slopes , 1975 .

[11]  F. Sayles.  Triaxial constant strain rate tests and triaxial creep tests on frozen Ottawa sand , 1974 .

[12]  K. R. Khakimov.  ARTIFICIAL FREEZING OF SOILS - THEORY AND PRACTICE , 1966 .

[13]  O. Andersland,et al.  Mechanical Properties of a Sand-Ice System , 1968 .

[14]  Orlando B. Andersland,et al.  Time-Dependent Strength Behavior of Frozen Soils , 1970 .

[15]  D. Vries.  Thermal properties of soils , 1963 .

[16]  F. Sanger.  Foundations of structures in cold regions , 1969 .

[17]  Branko Ladanyi,et al.  An Engineering Theory of Creep of Frozen Soils , 1972 .

[18]  K. Terzaghi,et al.  Soil mechanics in engineering practice , 1948 .