Hybrid life cycle energy assessment of commercial LED lamps

This work uses hybrid life cycle assessment methods to determine the overall energy use of a commercial LED lamp. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data is built up using industry data for a GaN-based white LED lamp designed to replace conventional incandescent bulbs. Appropriate data are also taken from generic processes in the semiconductor manufacturing sector. By considering the entire life cycle of the lamp, the analysis considers the systems-level effects of a large-scale shift to LED lighting technology, as opposed to the marketing emphasis on consumer benefits, which focuses on the use stage.