Passing data and supplying power to neural implants

This work investigates two important components in neural implants, the information link and the energy source. In this paper, a new concept in which neural implants operate on the biological resources readily available to them is adopted. The volume conduction property of human tissue is employed to pass information, and the electrons released during cellular metabolic process are collected to supply power. The x-antenna has been developed for data communication wherein the volume conduction mechanism has been used. The paper has shown that the body's own energy stores can be converted to electrical current using a biofuel cell. The biofuel cell approach would provide not only uninterrupted power but also an opportunity to explore new methods fostering improved biocompatibility for implantable devices

[1]  Miguel A. L. Nicolelis,et al.  Actions from thoughts , 2001, Nature.

[2]  H. C. Burger,et al.  Specific electric resistance of body tissues. , 1961, Physics in medicine and biology.

[3]  W. Verstraete,et al.  Biofuel Cells Select for Microbial Consortia That Self-Mediate Electron Transfer , 2004, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[4]  R.R. Harrison,et al.  A low-power FM transmitter for use in neural recording applications , 2004, The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[5]  Dawn M. Taylor,et al.  Direct Cortical Control of 3D Neuroprosthetic Devices , 2002, Science.

[6]  Mingui Sun,et al.  Platform technologies to support brain-computer interfaces. , 2006, Neurosurgical focus.

[7]  Mingui Sun,et al.  Switching modulation for wireless transmission biological waveforms using a cellphone , 2004, IEEE 30th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, 2004. Proceedings of the.

[8]  Wei Liang,et al.  Application of the reciprocity theorem to volume conduction based data communication systems between implantable devices and computers , 2003, Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37439).

[9]  Wei Liang,et al.  A volume conduction antenna for implantable devices , 2003, Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37439).

[10]  Mingui Sun,et al.  Analytical and numerical optimization of an implantable volume conduction antenna , 2004, IEEE 30th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, 2004. Proceedings of the.

[11]  R. Andersen Encoding of intention and spatial location in the posterior parietal cortex. , 1995, Cerebral cortex.

[12]  Karl-Heinz Krause,et al.  Electron currents generated by the human phagocyte NADPH oxidase , 1998, Nature.

[13]  W. Verstraete,et al.  A microbial fuel cell capable of converting glucose to electricity at high rate and efficiency , 2004, Biotechnology Letters.

[14]  L. Geddes,et al.  The specific resistance of biological material—A compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist , 1967, Medical and biological engineering.

[15]  M. Nicolelis,et al.  Reconstructing the Engram: Simultaneous, Multisite, Many Single Neuron Recordings , 1997, Neuron.

[16]  Maury L. Hull,et al.  Telemetry system for monitoring anterior cruciate ligament graft forces in vivo , 1997, Smart Structures.

[17]  J. Donoghue,et al.  Neural discharge and local field potential oscillations in primate motor cortex during voluntary movements. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[18]  Babak Ziaie,et al.  A self-oscillating detuning-insensitive class-E transmitter for implantable microsystems , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[19]  P. Kennedy,et al.  Restoration of neural output from a paralyzed patient by a direct brain connection , 1998, Neuroreport.

[20]  C. Roland Bio-medical Telemetry: Sensing and Transmitting Biological Information From Animals and Man , 1968 .

[21]  Charles A. Desoer,et al.  Basic Circuit Theory , 1969 .

[22]  R.J. Sclabassi,et al.  Data communication between brain implants and computer , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[23]  K.J. Otto,et al.  In vitro and in vivo testing of a wireless multichannel stimulating telemetry microsystem , 2004, The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[24]  W.J. Heetderks,et al.  RF powering of millimeter- and submillimeter-sized neural prosthetic implants , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[25]  G.A. Justin,et al.  An investigation of the ability of white blood cells to generate electricity in biofuel cells , 2005, Proceedings of the IEEE 31st Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, 2005..

[26]  Mingui Sun,et al.  Designing a cell phone adaptor for biological waveform transmission , 2004, IEEE 30th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, 2004. Proceedings of the.

[27]  G. Crile,et al.  THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ANIMAL TISSUES UNDER NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS , 1922 .

[28]  Mingui Sun,et al.  Biofuel cells: a possible power source for implantable electronic devices , 2004, The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[29]  Bin Liu,et al.  Critical Role for Microglial NADPH Oxidase in Rotenone-Induced Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons , 2003, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[30]  Mingui Sun,et al.  Optimization of an implantable volume conduction antenna , 2004, The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[31]  M. Hull,et al.  A new technique for transmission of signals from implantable transducers , 1998, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[32]  Bing J. Sheu,et al.  Brain-implantable biomimetic electronics as the next era in neural prosthetics , 2001, Proc. IEEE.

[33]  U. Schröder,et al.  A generation of microbial fuel cells with current outputs boosted by more than one order of magnitude. , 2003, Angewandte Chemie.

[34]  H. Schwan,et al.  Specific Resistance of Body Tissues , 1956, Circulation research.