Smart Grid and its future perspectives in Australia

The Smart Grid (SG) is an emerging concept, which is in a testing phase in many countries. It is a relatively new perception that integrates electricity and communication on power system networks, which enable SG applications, mainly for the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This paper presents a review of the existing studies on SG systems, the use of SG technologies and the modeling techniques for SG available in the literature. Furthermore, the paper focuses on SG features when connected at a distribution grid and its active distribution management capability. It also identifies the current practice as provided in technical standards and potential industry investments that can facilitate a pathway towards SG development in Australia. The paper also has highlighted the possible areas of research that would be required to implement practical SG facilities.

[1]  T.J. Hammons,et al.  Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into European Grids , 2006, Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference.

[2]  Yang Xiao,et al.  A survey of communication/networking in Smart Grids , 2012, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[3]  Debora Coll-Mayor,et al.  Future intelligent power grids: Analysis of the vision in the European Union and the United States , 2007 .

[4]  Jian Chen,et al.  Construction of China's smart grid information system analysis , 2011 .

[5]  P. Siano,et al.  Combined Operations of Renewable Energy Systems and Responsive Demand in a Smart Grid , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[6]  C. L. Masters.  Voltage rise: the big issue when connecting embedded generation to long 11 kV overhead lines , 2002 .

[7]  Lingfeng Wang,et al.  Smart meters for power grid — Challenges, issues, advantages and status , 2011, 2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[8]  Mona Aal Ali,et al.  Solar energy in the United Arab Emirates: A review , 2013 .

[9]  Michael Dopita and Professor Robert Williamson.  Australia's Renewable Energy Future , 2016 .

[10]  R. A. Shayani,et al.  Photovoltaic Generation Penetration Limits in Radial Distribution Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[11]  Iain MacGill,et al.  Simulations of scenarios with 100% renewable electricity in the Australian National Electricity Market , 2012 .

[12]  A. M. T. Oo,et al.  Voltage fluctuations in PV penetration on SWER networks — A case study for regional Australia , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[13]  Cheng-Ting Hsu,et al.  Optimization of Photovoltaic Penetration in Distribution Systems Considering Annual Duration Curve of Solar Irradiation , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  Olav Krause,et al.  Mitigation of voltage band violations through distributed active and reactive power control of inverter based PV generation on LV networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[15]  G. Ledwich,et al.  Distributed generation as Voltage support for single wire Earth return systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[16]  Staffan Norrga,et al.  Grid integration aspects of large solar PV installations: LVRT capability and reactive power/voltage support requirements , 2011, 2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech.

[17]  Melody Moh,et al.  Design and analysis of distributed power scheduling for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks , 2006, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[18]  Leopoldo A. Gemoets,et al.  A literature survey on Smart Grid distribution: an analytical approach , 2014 .

[19]  Sajjad Haider Shami,et al.  Evolution of Communication Technologies for Smart Grid applications , 2013 .

[20]  Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair,et al.  SmartGrid: Future networks for New Zealand power systems incorporating distributed generation , 2009 .

[21]  Boqiang Lin,et al.  Valuing Chinese feed-in tariffs program for solar power generation: A real options analysis , 2013 .

[22]  Stefano Bracco,et al.  The University of Genoa smart polygeneration microgrid test-bed facility: The overall system, the technologies and the research challenges , 2013 .

[23]  W.-J. Lee,et al.  Integrated high speed intelligent utility tie unit for disbursed/renewable generation facilities , 2004, Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting..

[24]  J. Meng,et al.  A Smart Microcontroller-Based Iridium Satellite-Communication Architecture for a Remote Renewable Energy Source , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[25]  M. Wolsink.  The research agenda on social acceptance of distributed generation in smart grids: Renewable as common pool resources , 2012 .

[26]  Andrew Wirth,et al.  Decision tree ensembles for online operation of large smart grids , 2012 .

[27]  D. T. Rizy,et al.  Real and reactive power control of a three-phase single-stage PV system and PV voltage stability , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[28]  J. Jackson,et al.  Improving energy efficiency and smart grid program analysis with agent-based end-use forecasting models , 2010 .

[29]  Thomas Bräunl,et al.  Modelling the impacts of electric vehicle recharging on the Western Australian electricity supply system , 2011 .

[30]  Yun Liu,et al.  A Dynamic Load Control Scheme for Smart Grid Systems , 2011 .

[31]  Wenye Wang,et al.  Review and evaluation of security threats on the communication networks in the smart grid , 2010, 2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE.

[32]  Filippo Spertino,et al.  Which are the constraints to the photovoltaic grid-parity in the main European markets? , 2014 .

[33]  Ilia Voloh,et al.  Reviewing smart grid standards for protection, control, and monitoring applications , 2012, 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT).

[34]  L.A.F. Ferreira,et al.  Distributed Reactive Power Generation Control for Voltage Rise Mitigation in Distribution Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[35]  Juan C. Vasquez,et al.  Voltage Support Provided by a Droop-Controlled Multifunctional Inverter , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[36]  S. Morozumi,et al.  Micro-grid Demonstration Projects in Japan , 2007, 2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya.

[37]  I. Voloh,et al.  A review of smart grid standards for protection, control, and monitoring applications , 2012, 2012 65th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers.

[38]  A. Sannino,et al.  Voltage control with inverter-based distributed generation , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[39]  D. Turcotte,et al.  Impact of High PV Penetration on Voltage Profiles in Residential Neighborhoods , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[40]  Friedrich W. Fuchs,et al.  Low voltage ride through capability of a 5 kW grid-tied solar inverter , 2010, Proceedings of 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010.

[41]  A. B. M. Shawkat Ali,et al.  Significance of Storage on Solar Photovoltaic System —A Residential Load Case Study in Australia , 2013 .

[42]  Dolf Gielen,et al.  Smart and Just Grids for sub-Saharan Africa : Exploring options , 2013 .

[43]  Thomas Huld,et al.  Sustainable energy planning: Leapfrogging the energy poverty gap in Africa , 2013 .

[44]  Luis Ochoa,et al.  Minimizing Energy Losses: Optimal Accommodation and Smart Operation of Renewable Distributed Generation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[45]  Chao Shen,et al.  A review of electric load classification in smart grid environment , 2013 .

[46]  Matthias Wissner,et al.  ICT, growth and productivity in the German energy sector - On the way to a smart grid? , 2011 .

[47]  S. A. Khaparde,et al.  Deployment of MicroGrids in India , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[48]  Ahmed Yousuf Saber,et al.  Efficient Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources by Gridable Vehicles in Cyber-Physical Energy Systems , 2010, IEEE Systems Journal.

[49]  Nada Golmie,et al.  NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0 , 2010 .

[50]  Athula D. Rajapakse,et al.  Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems , 2011 .

[51]  Irina Branovic,et al.  Smart power grid and cloud computing , 2013 .

[52]  Cornelis Jan Kikkert,et al.  MV to LV transformer PLC bypass coupling networks for a low cost Smart Grid rollout , 2011, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies.

[53]  R Tonkoski,et al.  Coordinated Active Power Curtailment of Grid Connected PV Inverters for Overvoltage Prevention , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[54]  D. Singh,et al.  Effect of Load Models in Distributed Generation Planning , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[55]  Pierluigi Siano,et al.  Demand response and smart grids—A survey , 2014 .

[56]  Kalyan Malla.  Market Benefit Assessment of Basslink in the Australian National Electricity Market , 2012 .

[57]  Mathias Uslar,et al.  Survey of Smart Grid Standardization Studies and Recommendations , 2010, 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications.

[58]  Jarmo Partanen,et al.  Smart grid power system control in distributed generation environment , 2009 .