Developments, advances and prospects for the Australian speciality fibre producing mohair and carpet wool industries and prospective angora (rabbit) and alpaca fibre industries are described. The uses of mohair, new product development and developments within the Australian industry including improvements in mohair marketing and uses of objective mohair testing are discussed. The increase in knowledge, since 1980, of grazing and nutritional requirements, methods of improving mohair quality and the availability and use of new genetic material are reviewed. The origin of carpet wool sheep and their management requirements are reviewed. The uses and processing of carpet wool, and the complexity of carpet production and design are discussed. Improvements in carpet wool specification and marketing are reviewed. Breeding requirements for speciality carpet wool are defined. Origin, uses, world production and prospects of angora (rabbit) and alpaca fibre production are briefly reviewed.