Design Approach for Efficient Wireless Power Transfer Systems During Lateral Misalignment

This paper methodizes efficiency improvement during lateral misalignment for the wireless power transfer (WPT) system using two coupled semielliptic defected ground structure (DGS) resonators. We design the WPT system using a scaled value of the available mutual coupling between the resonators at perfect alignment. This scaled mutual coupling value enforces over-coupling regime, and the WPT efficiency is lower than the peak one. Then, during lateral misalignment, WPT efficiency improves until it peaks at critical coupling. Next, with further misalignment, the efficiency drops as the system enters loose coupling regime. The proposed method consists of two steps. First, we derive an analytical approach to determine the scaled mutual coupling value for efficiency design during lateral misalignment, and second, we improve the maximum obtainable efficiency by careful designing of the DGS structures’ profile. We verify the proposed method by implementing the WPT system at 300 MHz, which shows a peak efficiency of 80% for a size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D_{o} \times D_{o} = 40 \times 40$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm² with a transfer distance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d = D_{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. During misalignment, the efficiency is higher than 50% for a lateral shift up to ±0.75 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D_{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.