Upper Extremity Neuroprosthetics for Spinal Cord Injury

Neuroprostheses for upper extremity (UE) function in cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) are designed to provide increased independence by providing user-controlled grasp and release. All UE neuroprostheses are composed of a means of activating paralyzed muscles, a means of enabling the user to control the stimulation, and a computational component that translates the user’s command to the stimulation output. An important distinction of UE neuroprostheses when compared to other electrical stimulation systems is that the user must have direct real-time control of the stimulation. The selection of the control method is important to the design. Often a single command signal is used to control the stimulation to a dozen or more muscles, reducing the burden on the user during functional activities. In addition to the elements of stimulation, control, and processing, some systems include feedback loops.

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