Transfer element method with application to acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle

Abstract In the present survey, various methods for the acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle are first briefly introduced along with the comments on their advantages and disadvantages for practical application, and then detailed analysis and discussion focus on a kind of new method which is called “transfer element method” (TEM) with emphasis on its application in the following three problems: turbomachinery noise generations, sound transmission in ducts and radiation from the inlet and outlet of ducts, as well as the interaction between them. In the theoretical frame of the TEM, the solution of acoustic field in an infinite duct with stator sound source or liner is extended to that in a finite domain with all knows and unknowns on the interface plane, and the relevant acoustic field is solved by setting up matching equation. In addition, based on combining the TEM with the boundary element method (BEM) by establishing the pressure and its derivative continuum conditions on the inlet and outlet surface, the sound radiation from the inlet and outlet of ducts can also be investigated. Finally, the effects of various interactions between the sound source and acoustic treatment have been discussed in this survey. The numerical examples indicate that it is quite important to consider the effect of such interactions on sound attenuation during the acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle.

[1]  Masanobu Namba.  Three-dimensional analysis of blade force and sound generation for an annular cascade in distorted flows , 1977 .

[2]  Jacky Mardjono,et al.  The EPSL static tests demonstration of liners noise reduction concepts , 2013 .

[3]  Walter Eversman,et al.  Improved Finite Element Modeling of the Turbofan Engine Inlet Radiation Problem , 1995 .

[4]  T. G. Sofrin,et al.  Axial Flow Compressor Noise Studies , 1962 .

[5]  Masahiko Utsumi.  Sound Transmission in Circular Ducts of Continuously Varying Cross-sectional Area. , 1998 .

[6]  Frank Thiele,et al.  Comparison of Time-Domain Impedance Boundary Conditions for Lined Duct Flows , 2007 .

[7]  Xiaofeng Sun,et al.  Effect of vorticity waves on azimuthal instabilities in annular chambers , 2015 .

[8]  A. Iob,et al.  Frequency-Domain Linearized Euler Model for Turbomachinery Noise Radiation Through Engine Exhaust , 2010 .

[9]  G. W. Johnston,et al.  Sound radiation from a finite length unflanged circular duct with uniform axial flow. II. Computed radiation characteristics , 1980 .

[10]  Christopher K. W. Tam,et al.  Computational Aeroacoustics: An Overview of Computational Challenges and Applications , 2004 .

[11]  P V Bruel,et al.  Aircraft Noise , 1971, Royal Society of Health journal.

[12]  M. K. Myers,et al.  On the acoustic boundary condition in the presence of flow , 1980 .

[13]  Duck-Joo Lee,et al.  Development of the numerical method for calculating sound radiation from a rotating dipole source in an opened thin duct , 2006 .

[14]  Xiaofeng Sun,et al.  A new segmentation approach for sound propagation in non-uniform lined ducts with mean flow , 2011 .

[15]  Edmane Envia.  Emerging Community Noise Reduction Approaches , 2011 .

[16]  Li Lei,et al.  A Passive Method to Control Combustion Instabilities with Perforated Liner , 2010 .

[17]  Xiaodong Jing,et al.  Effect of Plate Thickness on Impedance of Perforated Plates with Bias Flow , 2000 .

[18]  Xiaofeng Sun,et al.  Broadband Acoustic Liner Based on the Mechanism of Multiple Cavity Resonance , 2007 .

[19]  Vineet Ahuja,et al.  TIME DOMAIN SIMULATIONS OF RADIATION FROM DUCTED FANS WITH LINERS , 2001 .

[20]  Ali H. Nayfeh,et al.  Acoustics of Aircraft Engine-Duct Systems , 1975 .

[21]  Edmane Envia,et al.  Fan Noise Reduction: An Overview , 2002 .

[22]  Christopher K. W. Tarn,et al.  Computational Aeroacoustics: Issues and Methods , 1995 .

[23]  Xiaodong Jing,et al.  Experimental investigations of perforated liners with bias flow , 1999 .

[24]  Yusuf Özyörük.  Numerical prediction of aft radiation of turbofan tones through exhaust jets , 2009 .

[25]  William E. Zorumski.  Generalized radiation impedances and reflection coefficients of circular and annular ducts , 1973 .

[26]  Dennis L. Huff.  Noise Reduction Technologies for Turbofan Engines , 2007 .

[27]  F. Farassat,et al.  The Application of a Boundary Integral Equation Method to the Prediction of Ducted Fan Engine Noise , 1999 .

[28]  Zhang Hou.  Effect of Grazing-Bias Flow Interaction on Acoustic Impedance of Perforated Plates , 2002 .

[29]  M. K. Myers,et al.  Radiation of Sound From a Point Source in a Short Duct , 1997 .

[30]  Walter Eversman,et al.  THE BOUNDARY CONDITION AT AN IMPEDANCE WALL IN A NON-UNIFORM DUCT WITH POTENTIAL MEAN FLOW , 2001 .

[31]  U. Ingard,et al.  Acoustic Nonlinearity of an Orifice , 1967 .

[32]  Ml Munjal,et al.  A Modified Segmentation Approach for Analyzing Plane Wave Propagation in Non-Uniform Ducts with Mean Flow , 1995 .

[33]  Xiaofeng Sun,et al.  A Model to Predict Stall Inception of Transonic Axial Flow Fan/Compressors , 2011 .

[34]  W Bielak Gerald,et al.  Advanced Turbofan Duct Liner Concepts , 1999 .

[35]  R. J. Silcox,et al.  Contributions to the Finite Element Solution of the Fan Noise Radiation Problem , 1985 .

[36]  R. J. Astley,et al.  Finite element formulations for acoustical radiation , 1983 .

[37]  Xiaodong Jing,et al.  Sound-excited flow and acoustic nonlinearity at an orifice , 2002 .

[38]  Christopher K. W. Tam,et al.  Recent advances in computational aeroacoustics , 2006 .

[39]  R. J. Astley,et al.  A Finite Element Method for Transmission in Non-Uniform Ducts Without Flow: Comparison with the Method of Weighted Residuals , 1978 .

[40]  S. Ko,et al.  Sound attenuation in acoustically lined circular ducts in the presence of uniform flow and shear flow , 1972 .

[41]  Frank Thiele,et al.  On the azimuthal mode propagation in axisymmetric duct flows. , 2002 .

[42]  K. Ogimoto.  Sound radiation from a finite length unflanged circular duct with uniform axial flow , 1980 .

[43]  Noureddine Atalla,et al.  A boundary integral approach for acoustic radiation of axisymmetric bodies with arbitrary boundary conditions valid for all wave numbers , 1997 .

[44]  M. S. Howe,et al.  On the theory of unsteady high Reynolds number flow through a circular aperture , 1979, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[45]  F. Farassat,et al.  The Prediction of Ducted Fan Engine Noise Via a Boundary Integral Equation Method , 1996 .

[46]  Brian J. Tester,et al.  The propagation and attenuation of sound in lined ducts containing uniform or “plug” flow , 1973 .

[47]  R. J. Alfredson,et al.  The propagation of sound in a circular duct of continuously varying cross-sectional area , 1972 .

[48]  M. Utsumi,et al.  AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR SOUND TRANSMISSION IN NON-UNIFORM CIRCULAR DUCTS , 1999 .

[49]  Eric Nesbitt,et al.  Quiet Technology Demonstrator 2 Intake Liner Design and Validation , 2006 .

[50]  Vincent Pagneux,et al.  An improved multimodal method for sound propagation in nonuniform lined ducts. , 2007, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[51]  Bing Yang,et al.  An Approach to Predict Ducted Fan Noise by Boundary Integral Equation Method , 2005 .

[52]  Xiaofeng Sun,et al.  Effect of distributed heat source on low frequency thermoacoustic instabilities , 2013 .

[53]  Christopher K. W. Tam,et al.  Computational aeroacoustics - Issues and methods , 1995 .

[54]  Walter Eversman.  Computation of axial and transverse wave numbers for uniform two-dimensional ducts with flow using a numerical integration scheme , 1975 .

[55]  A. Dowling,et al.  The absorption of sound by perforated linings , 1990, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[56]  W. Eversman.  Initial values for the integration scheme to compute the eigenvalues for propagation in ducts [Journal of Sound and Vibration 50(1), 159-162] , 1977 .

[57]  Masanobu Namba,et al.  Application of the equivalent surface source method to the acoustics of duct systems with non-uniform wall impedance , 1980 .

[58]  Walter Eversman,et al.  Turbofan Noise Propagation and Radiation at High Frequencies , 2003 .

[59]  Xiaofeng Sun,et al.  On the interaction of a fan stator and acoustic treatments using the transfer element method , 2010 .

[60]  Erika Quaranta,et al.  Noise radiation from a ducted rotor in a swirling-translating flow , 2009, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[61]  Vigor Yang,et al.  A homotopy method for determining the eigenvalues of locally or non-locally reacting acoustic liners in flow ducts , 2007 .

[62]  Xiaohua Liu,et al.  Flow Stability Model for Fan/Compressors with Annular Duct and Novel Casing Treatment , 2012 .

[63]  Lars Vabbersgaard Andersen,et al.  Proceedings of the 40th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering , 2011 .

[64]  Walter Eversman,et al.  A numerical comparison between the multiple-scales and finite-element solution for sound propagation in lined flow ducts , 2001, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[65]  George Weiss,et al.  Methods Based on the Wiener-Hopf Technique for the Solution of Partial Differential Equations , 1958 .

[66]  Weiwei Yu,et al.  Theory of Compressor Stability Enhancement Using Novel Casing Treatment, Part I: Methodology , 2014 .

[67]  Xiaoyu Wang,et al.  A new model for the prediction of turbofan noise with the effect of locally and non-locally reacting liners , 2008 .