A Time Modulated Printed Dipole Antenna Array for Beam Steering Application

This paper presents time modulated beam steered antenna array without phase shifters. The beam steering is analyzed considering a two-element time modulated antenna array (TMAA) of printed dipoles with microstrip via-hole balun. The proposed array resonates at the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio bands, 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and offers wide bandwidth inherited due to modified structure of ground plane. Array elements are excited by complex exponential excitation signal through broadband power divider and radio frequency (RF) switches to achieve amplitude and phase variation without phase shifters. Differential Evolution algorithm is used to modify the time sequences of the RF switches connected to the antennas to generate radiation pattern with optimum dynamic efficiency by suppressing sideband radiations. Also switch-on time instant of RF switch connected to the subsequent element is modulated to steer the beam towards different directions. The proposed prototype is fabricated followed by parametric optimization. The fabrication results agree significantly well with simulated results.

[1]  Candid Reig,et al.  Printed Antennas for Sensor Applications: A Review , 2014, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[2]  Chong He,et al.  Space-Division Multiple Access Based on Time-Modulated Array , 2015, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[3]  Kwai-Man Luk,et al.  A Low-Profile Unidirectional Printed Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[4]  Jiang Tao Huang-Fu,et al.  A miniaturized printed dipole antenna with V-shaped ground For 2.45 GHz RFID readers , 2007 .

[5]  Ruilin Yao,et al.  Directional Modulation Based on 4-D Antenna Arrays , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[6]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[7]  K. Guney,et al.  Null Synthesis of Time-Modulated Circular Antenna Arrays Using an Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm , 2013, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[8]  G. K. Mahanti,et al.  Beam reconfiguration of linear array of parallel dipole antennas through switching with real excitation voltage distribution , 2012, Ann. des Télécommunications.

[9]  R. Storn,et al.  Differential Evolution: A Practical Approach to Global Optimization (Natural Computing Series) , 2005 .

[10]  A. R. Harish,et al.  A Novel Printed Wideband Dipole Antenna , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[11]  Muhammad Saeed Khan,et al.  Planar, compact ultra-wideband polarisation diversity antenna array , 2015 .

[12]  Changzhi Li,et al.  A Printed Single-Layer UWB Monopole Antenna With Extended Ground Plane Stubs , 2013 .

[13]  Chong He,et al.  Direction Finding by Time-Modulated Array With Harmonic Characteristic Analysis , 2015, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[14]  Yevhen Yashchyshyn,et al.  Null-steering in two-element time modulated linear antenna array through pulse-delay approach , 2014, 2014 20th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications (MIKON).

[15]  Mohammad Zomorrodi,et al.  Chipless RFID Reader: Low-cost wideband printed dipole array antenna. , 2015, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[16]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Design of a Low Sidelobe Time Modulated Linear Array With Uniform Amplitude and Sub-Sectional Optimized Time Steps , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[17]  Arnab Nandi,et al.  Design of beam forming network for time-modulated linear array with artificial bees colony algorithm , 2015 .

[18]  D. Fang,et al.  Single-Sideband Time-Modulated Phased Array , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[19]  Neil Genzlinger.  A. and Q , 2006 .

[20]  D. M. Pozar,et al.  Microstrip antennas , 1995, Proc. IEEE.

[21]  Amit Konar,et al.  Differential Evolution Using a Neighborhood-Based Mutation Operator , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[22]  G. Thiele,et al.  Antenna theory and design , 1981 .

[23]  M. A. Mangoud,et al.  Design of time modulated concentric circular and concentric hexagonal antenna array using hybrid enhanced particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution algorithm , 2014 .

[24]  E. Bekele,et al.  Pulse-Shaping Strategy for Time Modulated Arrays—Analysis and Design , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[25]  Wentao Li,et al.  Phase Modulation Technique for Four-Dimensional Arrays , 2014, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[26]  Bernard Uguen,et al.  Optimization of Sparse Time-Modulated Array by Genetic Algorithm for Radar Applications , 2014, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[27]  Robert J. Mailloux,et al.  Phased Array Antenna Handbook , 1993 .

[28]  Qing Huo Liu,et al.  Small planar monopole ultra-wideband antenna with reduced ground plane effect , 2015 .

[29]  Alan Tennant,et al.  Sideband level suppression in time-modulated linear arrays using modified switching sequences and fixed bandwidth elements , 2012 .

[30]  A. Tennant,et al.  A Two-Channel Time Modulated Linear Array With Adaptive Beamforming , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[31]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  4-D Arrays as Enabling Technology for Cognitive Radio Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.