Passive Remote Sensing of Dense Nontenuous Media

The thermal microwave emission of media with dense distribution of particles is studied. A general relation, that holds for media with nonuniform as well as uniform temperature distribution, is first derived between active and passive remote sensing. The brightness temperature of passive sensing is proportional to the integration of the product of the temperature distribution and the divergence of the Poynting's vector of active sensing. The governing radiative transfer equations for passive remote sensing of dense media are then derived by reference to the corresponding radiative wave equations for active sensing. The radiative wave equations are based on quasicrystalline approximation with coherent potential for the first moment of the field and a modified ladder approximation for the second moment of the field. The numerical results for classical radiative transfer theory and the dense media transfer theory are compared. The theory is also used to compare with brightness temperature measurements over a...

[1]  W. Peake.  Interaction of electromagnetic waves with some natural surfaces , 1959 .

[2]  M. Wertheim,et al.  EXACT SOLUTION OF THE PERCUS-YEVICK INTEGRAL EQUATION FOR HARD SPHERES , 1963 .

[3]  Paul Soven,et al.  Coherent-Potential Model of Substitutional Disordered Alloys , 1967 .

[4]  L. R. Windmiller,et al.  Anisotropy and mass enchancement of the cyclotron effective mass in Pt , 1968 .

[5]  B. L. Gyorffy.  Electronic States in Liquid Metals: A Generalization of the Coherent-Potential Approximation for a System with Short-Range Order , 1970 .

[6]  R. L. Mills,et al.  Coherent-Potential Approximation for Random Systems with Short-Range Correlations , 1972 .

[7]  V. Twersky,et al.  Coherent scalar field in pair‐correlated random distributions of aligned scatterers , 1977 .

[8]  Remote sensing of snowpack with microwave radiometers for hydrologic applications , 1978 .

[9]  J. Kong,et al.  Theory and experiment for passive microwave remote sensing of snowpacks , 1979 .

[10]  Leung Tsang,et al.  Multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves by random distributions of discrete scatterers with coherent potential and quantum mechanical formalism , 1980 .

[11]  R. T. Shin,et al.  Radiative transfer theory for active remote sensing of a homogenous layer containing spherical scatterers , 1981 .

[12]  Yasuo Kuga,et al.  Attenuation constant of a coherent field in a dense distribution of particles , 1982 .

[13]  M. A. Karam,et al.  Scattering from randomly oriented circular discs with application to vegetation , 1983 .

[14]  Roger H. Lang,et al.  Electromagnetic Backscattering from a Layer of Vegetation: A Discrete Approach , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[15]  L. Tsang,et al.  Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a half space of densely distributed dielectric scatterers , 1983 .

[16]  V. Varadan,et al.  Multiple scattering theory for waves in discrete random media and comparison with experiments , 1983 .

[17]  Leung Tsang,et al.  Thermal emission of nonspherical particles , 1984 .

[18]  I. Besieris,et al.  Two‐frequency radiative transfer equation for scalar waves in a random distribution of discrete scatterers with pair correlations , 1985 .