Interruptions of antiretroviral therapy in children and adolescents with HIV infection in clinical practice: a retrospective cohort study in the USA

Changes in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) throughout childhood challenge the continuity of paediatric HIV treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of treatment interruption (TI), including lamivudine (3TC) monotherapy, and the relationship of TI to virologic and immunologic parameters in HIV‐infected paediatric patients.

[1]  C. Giaquinto,et al.  Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV‐1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life , 2015, HIV medicine.

[2]  黄亚明,et al.  Journal of the International AIDS Society , 2017 .

[3]  J. Sterne,et al.  The Diagnosis of Urinary Tract infection in Young children (DUTY): a diagnostic prospective observational study to derive and validate a clinical algorithm for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in children presenting to primary care with an acute illness. , 2016, Health technology assessment.

[4]  T. Rhodes,et al.  BREATHER (PENTA 16) short-cycle therapy (SCT) (5 days on/2 days off) in young people with chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection: an open, randomised, parallel-group Phase II/III trial. , 2016, Health technology assessment.

[5]  Rachel Hart,et al.  Development of a large urban longitudinal HIV clinical cohort using a web-based platform to merge electronically and manually abstracted data from disparate medical record systems: technical challenges and innovative solutions , 2016, J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc..

[6]  M. Hernán,et al.  CD4+ and viral load outcomes of antiretroviral therapy switch strategies after virologic failure of combination antiretroviral therapy in perinatally HIV-infected youth in the United States , 2015, AIDS.

[7]  H. Lane,et al.  Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  C. Giaquinto,et al.  Predictors of Treatment Failure in HIV-Positive Children Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Cohort Data From Mozambique and Uganda. , 2015, Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.

[9]  A. Ebonyi,et al.  Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment interruption in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected children attending the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria , 2015, Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association.

[10]  E. Goemaere,et al.  Paediatric HIV treatment failure: a silent epidemic , 2015, Journal of the International AIDS Society.

[11]  B. Coetzee,et al.  Barriers and facilitators to paediatric adherence to antiretroviral therapy in rural South Africa: a multi-stakeholder perspective , 2014, AIDS care.

[12]  C. Rouzioux,et al.  Interruption of cART in Clinical Practice Is Associated With an Increase in the Long-Term Risk of Subsequent Immunosuppression in HIV-1-Infected Children , 2014, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[13]  PrasitsuebsaiWasana,et al.  Simplifying antiretroviral therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy did not improve quality of life and therapy adherence in pretreated HIV-infected children. , 2014 .

[14]  J. Ananworanich,et al.  Simplifying antiretroviral therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy did not improve quality of life and therapy adherence in pretreated HIV-infected children. , 2014, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.

[15]  V. Jackson,et al.  Lamivudine monotherapy as a safe option for HIV-infected paediatric clients with adherence challenges: new evidence from a large South African cohort , 2014, Journal of the International AIDS Society.

[16]  S. Madhi,et al.  Early time-limited antiretroviral therapy versus deferred therapy in South African infants infected with HIV: results from the children with HIV early antiretroviral (CHER) randomised trial , 2013, The Lancet.

[17]  L. Sticchi,et al.  Simplification to monotherapy with lopinavir/ritonavir in adolescents with vertically acquired HIV-1 infection , 2012, Journal of chemotherapy.

[18]  N. Ford,et al.  Unstructured treatment interruption of antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice: a systematic review , 2011, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[19]  S. Spector,et al.  CD4+ Lymphocyte-Based Immunologic Outcomes of Perinatally HIV-Infected Children During Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption , 2011, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[20]  Franck,et al.  Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of ECG Abnormalities in HIV-infected Patients: Results from the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Study , 2011 .

[21]  J. Ananworanich,et al.  Response to planned treatment interruptions in HIV infection varies across childhood , 2010, AIDS.

[22]  James A McIntyre,et al.  Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[23]  W. Borkowsky,et al.  Planned multiple exposures to autologous virus in HIV type 1-infected pediatric populations increases HIV-specific immunity and reduces HIV viremia. , 2008, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

[24]  Akihiko Saitoh,et al.  Clinical Outcomes After an Unstructured Treatment Interruption in Children and Adolescents With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection , 2008, Pediatrics.

[25]  B. Thiers,et al.  CD4+ Count–Guided Interruption of Antiretroviral Treatment , 2007 .

[26]  J Darbyshire,et al.  CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[27]  A. Walker,et al.  Immunologic Changes During Unplanned Treatment Interruptions of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection , 2004, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[28]  E. Vázquez.  Pediatric HIV. , 1999, Positively aware : the monthly journal of the Test Positive Aware Network.

[29]  J. Oleske,et al.  Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection , 1998 .