Why Low Voltage Direct Current Grids

Although the use of DC in power systems was discarded years ago due to its inefficiency and non-economic feasibility, in the last decade the technological advance of power electronics has enabled DC to make its way back to the power system. This paper investigates the use of DC for electricity distribution at voltage levels below 1500V. A flexible and practical DC system at +350V, ±350V and ±700V is introduced and assessed in four case studies that compare AC to DC. It is concluded that: 1) DC grids outperform AC grids in large distribution systems, especially with increasing penetration of distributed generation. Results show energy savings up to 5%; lower ecological damage; 65% copper savings; and less capital investment due to removal of unnecessary equipment and reduced resistive losses. 2) Limitations exist in the lack of standards and regulations; and availability of suitable DC appliances and equipment.

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