Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance: Why and when?

This paper briefly summarizes the development of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in medicine. Aspects of magnetic resonancephysics and -technology relevant at ultra-high magnetic fields as well as current limitations are highlighted. Based on the first promising studies, potential clinical applications at 7 Tesla are suggested. Other aims are to stimulate awareness of the potential of ultra-high field magnetic resonance and to stimulate active participation in much needed basic or clinical research at 7 Tesla or higher.

[1]  C. Windischberger,et al.  Brain Activity Movie Functional MRI with Ultra-High Temporal Resolution at 7 Tesla , 2009 .

[2]  S. S. Winkler.  Sodium-23 magnetic resonance brain imaging , 2004, Neuroradiology.

[3]  Elfar Adalsteinsson,et al.  Seven-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in adult X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. , 2008, Archives of neurology.

[4]  Jan Sedlacik,et al.  Susceptibility weighted imaging at ultra high magnetic field strengths: Theoretical considerations and experimental results , 2008, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[5]  Pratik Mukherjee,et al.  High‐Resolution Phased‐Array MRI of the Human Brain at 7 Tesla: Initial Experience in Multiple Sclerosis Patients , 2010, Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging.

[6]  Jullie W Pan,et al.  DEMONSTRATING THE PERIVASCULAR DISTRIBUTION OF MS LESIONS IN VIVO WITH 7-TESLA MRI , 2008, Neurology.

[7]  K. Uğurbil,et al.  Analysis of wave behavior in lossy dielectric samples at high field , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[8]  R. Goebel,et al.  7T vs. 4T: RF power, homogeneity, and signal‐to‐noise comparison in head images , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[9]  Klaus Scheffler,et al.  In Vivo Biochemical 7.0 Tesla Magnetic Resonance: Preliminary Results of dGEMRIC, Zonal T2, and T2* Mapping of Articular Cartilage , 2008, Investigative radiology.

[10]  Johannes T Heverhagen,et al.  Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography at 7 Tesla , 2008, Investigative radiology.

[11]  Ewald Moser,et al.  Relaxation times of 31P‐metabolites in human calf muscle at 3 T , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[12]  Jürgen Hennig.  Ultra high field MR: useful instruments or toys for the boys , 2008, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.

[13]  S Trattnig,et al.  Assessment of 31P relaxation times in the human calf muscle: A comparison between 3 T and 7 T in vivo , 2009, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[14]  Ewald Moser,et al.  DYNAMIC 31P MRS OF EXERCISING HUMAN MUSCLE IN A 7T WHOLE BODY SYSTEM, WITH STEAM AND SEMI-LASER LOCALISATION , 2009 .

[15]  Benedikt A. Poser,et al.  Investigating the benefits of multi-echo EPI for fMRI at 7 T , 2009, NeuroImage.

[16]  C N Chen,et al.  The field dependence of NMR imaging. II. Arguments concerning an optimal field strength , 1986, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[17]  Klaas P. Pruessmann,et al.  Travelling-wave nuclear magnetic resonance , 2009, Nature.

[18]  E. Moser,et al.  3.0 Tesla MR systems. , 2003, Investigative radiology.

[19]  Claus Lamm,et al.  Time-resolved analysis of fMRI signal changes using Brain Activation Movies , 2008, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[20]  Ravi S. Menon,et al.  Imaging at high magnetic fields: initial experiences at 4 T. , 1993, Magnetic resonance quarterly.

[21]  Lawrence L. Wald,et al.  Comparison of physiological noise at 1.5 T, 3 T and 7 T and optimization of fMRI acquisition parameters , 2005, NeuroImage.

[22]  P. Lauterbur,et al.  The sensitivity of the zeugmatographic experiment involving human samples , 1979 .

[23]  Xiao-Hong Zhu,et al.  In vivo 31P MRS of human brain at high/ultrahigh fields: a quantitative comparison of NMR detection sensitivity and spectral resolution between 4 T and 7 T. , 2006, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[24]  Steen Moeller,et al.  B1 destructive interferences and spatial phase patterns at 7 T with a head transceiver array coil , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[25]  D. Adams,et al.  Magnetic field dependence of 1/T1 of protons in tissue. , 1984, Investigative radiology.

[26]  Duan Xu,et al.  Partially-parallel, susceptibility-weighted MR imaging of brain vasculature at 7 Tesla using sensitivity encoding and an autocalibrating parallel technique , 2006, 2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[27]  S. Schoenberg,et al.  High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Lower Extremities With a Dedicated 36-Element Matrix Coil at 3 Tesla , 2007, Investigative radiology.

[28]  B. Mueller,et al.  Signal‐to‐noise ratio and spectral linewidth improvements between 1.5 and 7 Tesla in proton echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging , 2006, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[29]  Sharmila Majumdar,et al.  Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System In Vivo Using Ultra-high Field Magnetic Resonance at 7 T , 2009, Investigative radiology.

[30]  Functional MR-Imaging of Human Emotions: Towards Single Subject Diagnosis , 2009 .

[31]  Ewald Moser,et al.  Direct noninvasive quantification of lactate and high energy phosphates simultaneously in exercising human skeletal muscle by localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy , 2007, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[32]  C. Windischberger,et al.  [Functional magnetic resonance imaging with ultra-high fields]. , 2010, Der Radiologe.

[33]  Jeff H. Duyn,et al.  High-field MRI of brain cortical substructure based on signal phase , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[34]  Christian Windischberger,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging methodology , 2009, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[35]  Jörg Stadler,et al.  MR imaging of the human hand and wrist at 7 T , 2009, Skeletal Radiology.

[36]  J. Ra,et al.  In Vivo NMR Imaging of Sodium‐23 in the Human Head , 1985, Journal of computer assisted tomography.