Toughening of trifunctional epoxy using an epoxy‐functionalized hyperbranched polymer

Chemorheology of curing as well as the phase separation behavior of an epoxy-functionalized hyperbranched polymer (HBP)-modified triglycidyl p-amino phenol (TGAP) epoxy mixtures has been studied by several techniques. There was little change in gel time as a result of addition of HBP up to 10% of HBP, even though the HBP reacts at a slower rate with amine hardeners compared to the TGAP alone. The thermal and dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the modified matrices have been examined and compared with the unmodified TGAP matrix. Finally, impact properties have been discussed in terms of the morphological behavior for a TGAP matrix modified with various amounts of HBP. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2339–2345, 2003

[1]  D. Ratna.  Phase separation in liquid rubber modified epoxy mixture. Relationship between curing conditions, morphology and ultimate behavior , 2001 .

[2]  P. C. Deb,et al.  Toughening of epoxy resin using acrylate‐based liquid rubbers , 2000 .

[3]  F. Boey,et al.  Determining the gel point of an epoxy–hexaanhydro‐4‐methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) system , 2000 .

[4]  D. Ratna,et al.  Toughened epoxy adhesive modified with acrylate based liquid rubber , 2000 .

[5]  D. Ratna,et al.  Toughening of epoxy resin by modification with 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate–acrylic acid copolymers , 2000 .

[6]  P. Heiden,et al.  Investigation of readily processable thermoplastic-toughened thermosets. V. Epoxy resin toughened with hyperbranched polyester , 1999 .

[7]  J. Månson,et al.  Dendritic hyperbranched polymers as tougheners for epoxy resins , 1999 .

[8]  King-Fu Lin,et al.  Core‐shell particles designed for toughening the epoxy resins. II. Core‐shell‐particle‐toughened epoxy resins , 1998 .

[9]  G. Simon,et al.  Thermoplastic toughening of epoxy resins: a critical review , 1998 .

[10]  G. Di Pasquale,et al.  New high-performance thermoplastic toughened epoxy thermosets , 1997 .

[11]  G. Simon,et al.  Toughening of a trifunctional epoxy system: IV. Dynamic mechanical relaxational study of the thermoplastic‐modified cure process , 1997 .

[12]  Reza Bagheri,et al.  Role of blend morphology in rubber-toughened polymers , 1996, Journal of Materials Science.

[13]  D. Acierno,et al.  Oligomeric and polymeric modifiers for toughening of epoxy resins , 1995 .

[14]  M. El-Aasser,et al.  Synthesis and application of core-shell particles as toughening agents for epoxies , 1995 .

[15]  Jung-Chieh Chen,et al.  Toughening of epoxy resin by reacting with functional terminated-polyurethanes , 1995 .

[16]  A. Yee,et al.  Toughening mechanisms in thermoplastic-modified epoxies: 1. Modification using poly(phenylene oxide) , 1993 .

[17]  H. Stutz,et al.  Influence of the structure on thermoset cure kinetics , 1993 .

[18]  N. Yoshioka,et al.  Effect of cross-link density on modification of epoxy resins with reactive acrylic elastomers , 1992 .

[19]  O. Howarth,et al.  Structural and materials properties of a polysulphide-modified epoxide resin , 1992 .

[20]  J. Pascault,et al.  Rubber‐modified epoxies. II. Influence of the cure schedule and rubber concentration on the generated morphology , 1991 .

[21]  D. Hunston,et al.  Fracture of Elastomer-Modified Epoxy Polymers: A Review , 1989 .

[22]  J. Pascault,et al.  Controlling Factors in the Rubber-Toughening of Unfilled Epoxy Networks: Application to Filled Systems , 1989 .

[23]  A. V. Pocius.  Elastomer Modification of Structural Adhesives , 1985 .

[24]  J. Gillham,et al.  Rubber-modified thermoset resins : based on a symposium sponsored by the Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering at the 186th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., August 28-September 2, 1983 , 1984 .

[25]  S. Shaw,et al.  Deformation and fracture behaviour of a rubber-toughened epoxy: 2. Failure criteria , 1983 .

[26]  Y. Okamoto.  Thermal aging study of carboxyl‐terminated polybutadiene and poly(butadiene‐acrylonitrile)‐reactive liquid polymers , 1983 .

[27]  R. Bauer.  Epoxy Resin Chemistry , 1979 .

[28]  C. L. Brett.  The effect of state of cure on bond performance for an epoxy resin system , 1976 .

[29]  J. M. Barton.  Monitoring the Cross-Linking of Epoxide Resins by Thermoanalytical Techniques , 1974 .

[30]  F. Mcgarry,et al.  Effect of rubber particle size on deformation mechanisms in glassy epoxy , 1973 .

[31]  Kazuyuki Horie,et al.  Calorimetric investigation of polymerization reactions. III. Curing reaction of epoxides with amines , 1970 .