Alternative Questionnaire Formats for Country Image Studies

Two different questionnaire formats based on the semantic differential scale have been used in comparative image studies of countries. The authors test the reliability and validity of each format and find that though the two formats have nearly equal reliability, they are not equivalent. Country image studies that have different questionnaire formats may not be comparable, even if the scale items are the same.

[1]  Philippe Cattin,et al.  A Cross-Cultural Study of “Made in” Concepts , 1982 .

[2]  J. P. Peter.  Construct Validity: A Review of Basic Issues and Marketing Practices , 1981 .

[3]  Phillip D. White.  Attitudes of U. s. purchasing managers toward industrial products manufactured in selected western european nations , 1980 .

[4]  Eugene D. Jaffe,et al.  Industrial buyer attitudes toward goods made in eastern Europe , 1980 .

[5]  Phillip B. Niffenegger,et al.  How British Retail Manager View French and American Products , 1980 .

[6]  Edward G. Carmines,et al.  Reliability and Validity Assessment , 1979 .

[7]  J. P. Peter.  Reliability: A Review of Psychometric Basics and Recent Marketing Practices , 1979 .

[8]  Dennis Menezes,et al.  Alternative Semantic Scaling Formats for Measuring Store Image: An Evaluation , 1979 .

[9]  Gilbert A. Churchill.  A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs , 1979 .

[10]  Russell I. Haley,et al.  Testing Thirteen Attitude Scales for Agreement and Brand Discrimination , 1979 .

[11]  J. Bon,et al.  L'influence de l'origine d'un produit sur son image à l'étranger , 1979 .

[12]  J. Saunders,et al.  UK Consumers’ Attitudes towards Imports: The Measurement of National Stereotype Image , 1978 .

[13]  Aki. Nagashima,et al.  A Comparative “Made In” Product Image Survey among Japanese Businessmen , 1977 .

[14]  J. Darling,et al.  A Competitive Profile of Products and Associated Marketing Practices of Selected European and Non‐European Countries , 1977 .

[15]  Gerald Albaum,et al.  The measurement properties of semantic scale data. , 1977 .

[16]  John A. Martilla,et al.  Four Subtle Sins in Marketing Research , 1975 .

[17]  Ramon E. Henkel.  Part-Whole Correlations and the Treatment of Ordinal and Quasi-Interval Data as Interval Data , 1975 .

[18]  Gerald Albaum,et al.  Stapel Scale or Semantic Differential in Marketing Research? , 1974 .

[19]  Sanford Labovitz,et al.  The Assignment of Numbers to Rank Order Categories , 1970 .

[20]  Aki. Nagashima,et al.  A Comparison of Japanese and U.S. Attitudes toward Foreign Products , 1970 .

[21]  Curtis C. Reierson.  Attitude Changes toward Foreign Products , 1967 .

[22]  R. F. Kelly,et al.  The Semantic Differential: An Information Source for Designing Retail Patronage Appeals , 1967 .

[23]  Harold H. Kassarjian,et al.  A Study of Selected Opinion Measurement Techniques , 1967 .

[24]  G. David Hughes,et al.  Selecting Scales to Measure Attitude Change , 1967 .

[25]  Irving Crespi,et al.  Use of a Scaling Technique in Surveys , 1961 .

[26]  D. Campbell,et al.  Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. , 1959, Psychological bulletin.

[27]  L. Cronbach.  Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests , 1951 .

[28]  C. D. Edwards.  Appraisal of “Fair Trade” and “Unfair Practices” Acts , 1940 .