Flavonoid glycosides and antioxidant capacity of various blackberry, blueberry and red grape genotypes determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides of various blackberry, blueberry and red wine grape genotypes were identified and measured by a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation method with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. With this method, two distinct elution regions of anthocyanins and flavonols were obtained with near baseline separation of most compounds. Blackberry, blueberry and red wine grape genotypes varied markedly in total anthocyanins and total flavonols as well as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The respective ranges of total anthocyanin (TA) and total flavonol (TF) contents of tested samples were: blackberries, 1143.9-2415.4 and 102.0-160.2mgkg −1 ; blueberries, 1435.2-8227.3 and 172.5-327.5mgkg −1 ; and red wine grapes, 380.9-7904.7 and 21.0-322.2mgkg −1 . Antioxidant activities and contents of total anthocyanins and total flavonols in blackberries, blueberries and red wine grapes were highly correlated, with linear relationships between ORAC and TA (rxy = 0.94) and TF (rxy = 0.90) for grapes, TA (rxy = 0.95) for blueberries and TA (rxy = 0.74) for blackberries.  2004 Society of Chemical Industry

[1]  B. Ou,et al.  Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Oregon caneberries. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[2]  N. Seeram,et al.  Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries. , 2001, Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

[3]  Paul Knekt,et al.  Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study , 1996, BMJ.

[4]  R. Wittkowski,et al.  Anthocyanin Analysis by HPLC/ESI-MS , 2002, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture.

[5]  B. Ames,et al.  Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  E. Feskens,et al.  Dietary Flavonoids, Antioxidant Vitamins, and Incidence of Stroke: The Zutphen Study , 1996 .

[7]  P. Hollman.  Evidence for health benefits of plant phenols : local or systemic effects? , 2001 .

[8]  A. Aromaa,et al.  Dietary flavonoids and the risk of lung cancer and other malignant neoplasms. , 1997, American journal of epidemiology.

[9]  H. Matsufuji,et al.  Identification of reaction products of acylated anthocyanins from red radish with peroxyl radicals. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[10]  G. M. Sapers,et al.  Varietal differences in the quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin contents of highbush blueberry, cranberry, and thornless blackberry fruits , 1986 .

[11]  D Kromhout,et al.  Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study. , 1995, Archives of internal medicine.

[12]  B. Schuster,et al.  Hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in soft fruits , 1985 .

[13]  R. Prior,et al.  Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of highbush blueberry. , 2000, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[14]  L Bravo,et al.  Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[15]  R. Carle,et al.  A novel zwitterionic anthocyanin from evergreen blackberry (Rubus laciniatus Willd.). , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[16]  S. Lazarus,et al.  Identification of procyanidins and anthocyanins in blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[17]  G. M. Sapers,et al.  Anthocyanin Patterns in Ripening Thornless Blackberries , 1986, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science.

[18]  Alan Crozier,et al.  Variations in the profile and content of anthocyanins in wines made from cabernet sauvignon and hybrid grapes. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[19]  L. Howard,et al.  Assays for hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL))) of plasma and other biological and food samples. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[20]  F. Kader,et al.  Fractionation and identification of the phenolic compounds of Highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum, L.) , 1996 .

[21]  H. Tamura,et al.  Antioxidative activity of monoacylated anthocyanins isolated from Muscat Bailey A grape , 1994 .

[22]  A. Hohtola,et al.  Expression of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Relation to Anthocyanin, Proanthocyanidin, and Flavonol Levels during Bilberry Fruit Development1 , 2002, Plant Physiology.

[23]  Peter C. H. Hollman,et al.  Optimization of a quantitative HPLC determination of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids in vegetables and fruits , 1992 .

[24]  E. Feskens,et al.  Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study , 1993, The Lancet.

[25]  W. Kalt,et al.  Anthocyanin content and profile within and among blueberry species , 1999 .

[26]  R. Wrolstad,et al.  Electrospray and tandem mass spectroscopy as tools for anthocyanin characterization. , 1999, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[27]  E. Feskens,et al.  Antioxidant flavonols and coronary heart disease risk , 1997, The Lancet.

[28]  A. J. Ryan,et al.  Anthocyanin composition of Cabernet Sauvignon and Tempranillo grapes at different stages of ripening. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[29]  Ho-ju Fan-Chiang.  Anthocyanin pigment, nonvolatile acid and sugar composition of blackberries , 1999 .

[30]  W. Kalt,et al.  Antioxidant capacity as influenced by total phenolic and anthocyanin content, maturity, and variety of Vaccinium species , 1998 .

[31]  R. Durst,et al.  Changes in anthocyanins and polyphenolics during juice processing of Highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) , 2000 .

[32]  G. Mazza,et al.  Quantitation and Distribution of Simple and Acylated Anthocyanins and Other Phenolics in Blueberries , 1994 .

[33]  R. Prior,et al.  Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacity of Anthocyanins , 1997 .