Survey on high reliability wireless communication for underwater sensor networks

Abstract Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have become an interesting research topic because the utilization of ocean resources and informatization is required. Communication technology is a fundamental and key part of an ocean network. However, as compared with the land environment, the marine environment is complex and changeable, and thus, communication in this environment is very difficult. This paper presents an in-depth discussion and review of underwater communication methods and network technologies, such as underwater acoustic communication, underwater optical communication, routing and medium access control (MAC) protocols, and underwater multimodal networks. The paper also discusses the realization of underwater high reliability communication technology, and a few challenges of underwater networks are addressed.

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