An Energy-Efficient Localization-Based Geographic Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

An efficient routing protocol for data packet delivery is crucial to underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). However, design of such a protocol is a challenging task due to the characteristics of the acoustic channel used for communication by UWSNs. In this paper, we present a novel energy-efficient localization-based geographic routing protocol EEL, which uses location information and residual energy of sensor nodes to greedily forward data packets to sink nodes. EEL periodically updates the location information of nodes in an UWSN and effectively adapt to the dynamic topological changes of the network. Simulation results show that EEL can effectively locate the nodes and significantly improve the packet delivery ratio and reduce the energy consumption in a routing process.

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