Cluster Based Routing Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks

In the past few years Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used, in both civilians and military applications. Wireless sensor networks composed of a large number of tiny devices called sensor nodes. The sensor nodes communicate together by many wireless strategies and these communication strategies administrated by routing protocols. Performance parameters of WSNs largely depend on the routing protocols, which are application based. Keeping this in mind, we have carried out extensive survey on WSN routing protocols. Routing in WSNs can be broadly classified into three categories; flat routing, hierarchical routing (cluster based routing) and location based routing. Based on the literature review cluster based routing techniques are divided into block, grid, chain cluster based routing schemes. Authors have classified these routing schemes into different routing algorithms based on their objectives, merits and demerits in tabular form (Table 1-3). Properties of all these are summarized in flow sheet (Figure 3-5). Further the tradeoff between various performance metrics such as latency, scalability and energy awareness given in tabular form (Table 4). The merits and limitations of cluster based routing technique are presented (Table 1-3) and compared (Table 4). At the end authors have list out some issues new to address for efficient use of cluster based routing algorithms.

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