Design principles applied to structural functions of machine components.

The functional designer can derive help in his work from various principles, such as the minimization of unsprung mass and the principle of least constraint. This paper lists three groups of such principles which bear upon the structural aspects of design. These are structural design principles proper, general principles bearing upon the structural aspects and principles relating to joints. Some examples from mature technology are given, but the chief use of principles is in cases of evolution or innovation. Some related concepts (efficiencies of use) are given and a brief mention is made of the possible value of such principles in the development of the P-aesthetic sense by which designers recognise good solutions at an early stage.