Over Diagnosis in Screening: Does It Make Sense?

Cancer screenings have been carried out in developed countries over the past four decades. While it may seem to be effective in detecting tumors early, there are many arguments or concerns in the issue of over diagnosis; namely, the diagnosis of cancer that will not cause symptoms, nor death in a patient’s lifetime. Will regular screening contribute to a greater chance of over diagnosis? What is the possibility of over-diagnosis for those individuals diagnosed with cancer early by screening? Or what is the percentage/proportion of over-diagnosis among the screen-detected cancer patients? How should we estimate this percentage?