The atmospheric aerosol carbon isotope composition studies at the Svalbard and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelagos

The study of the carbon isotope composition of atmospheric aerosol in the Arctic zone is of great importance for the pyrogenic carbon sources identification. Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected in the Arctic at the research station Ice Base Cape Baranov (the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago) from April 2018 to November 2019 and at Barentsburg (the Svalbard archipelago) from December 2018 to July 2019 and from November 2019 to February 2020. The carbon isotope composition (δ13C value) was determined in aerosol samples to identify the sources of carbonaceous aerosols. For Ice Base Cape Baranov the average δ13C value (–27.5±0.5%) of total carbon of the winter (2018-2019) aerosols lower than the average δ13C value (–26.8±0.8%) of the spring-summer (2019) aerosols. The average δ13С values of the atmospheric aerosols in Barentsburg showed that the δ13С value was –26.9‰ in winter, the δ13С value was –26.3‰ and – 26.1‰ in spring and summer, respectively. The increased δ13C values in spring and summer (2019) at the Ice Base Cape Baranov can likely be explained by the input of soot aerosol, the source of which is boreal forest fires at the Krasnoyarsk Region and the Republic of Sakha. According to the backward trajectories of the air masses, the transfer of soot particles to Barentsburg was carried out from Europe, North America and over the Arctic Ocean, and to the Severnaya Zemlya from the continental part of Krasnoyarsk Region and the Republic of Sakha.

[1]  A. Garbaras,et al.  Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio in PM1 and size segregated aerosol particles over the Baltic Sea , 2019, Lithuanian Journal of Physics.

[2]  A. Garbaras,et al.  Stable isotopes in environmental investigations , 2012 .

[3]  Shao-Meng Li,et al.  Stable carbon isotopic ratios and ionic composition of the high‐Arctic aerosols: An increase in δ13C values from winter to spring , 2008 .

[4]  I. Bey,et al.  Pollution transport efficiency toward the Arctic: Sensitivity to aerosol scavenging and source regions , 2011 .

[5]  D. Ceburnis,et al.  Stable isotopes measurements reveal dual carbon pools contributing to organic matter enrichment in marine aerosol , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[6]  R. Draxler,et al.  NOAA’s HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling System , 2015 .

[7]  Ö. Gustafsson,et al.  Natural abundance 13C and 14C analysis of water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosols. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[8]  U. Lohmann,et al.  An Introduction to Clouds: From the Microscale to Climate , 2016 .

[9]  A. Stohl,et al.  Around the world in 17 days - hemispheric-scale transport of forest fire smoke from Russia in May 2003 , 2004 .

[10]  Antony D. Clarke,et al.  Light-absorbing impurities in Arctic snow , 2010 .

[11]  M. Górka,et al.  d 13 C of organic atmospheric dust deposited in Wrocław (SW Poland): critical remarks on the passive method , 2010 .

[12]  D. Widory.  Combustibles, fuels and their combustion products: A view through carbon isotopes , 2006 .

[13]  G. Rau,et al.  Plankton 13C: 12C ratio changes with latitude: differences between northern and southern oceans , 1982 .

[14]  Sönke Szidat,et al.  Determination of primary and secondary sources of organic acids and carbonaceous aerosols using stable carbon isotopes , 2009 .

[15]  K. Hobson,et al.  Sources of primary production, benthic-pelagic coupling, and trophic relationships within the Northeast Water Polynya:insights from delta13C and delta15N analysis , 1995 .

[16]  A. Stohl.  Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Arctic troposphere , 2006 .

[17]  J. Rudolph,et al.  Isotope ratio studies of atmospheric organic compounds: Principles, methods, applications and potential , 2014 .

[18]  A. Stohl,et al.  Pan‐Arctic enhancements of light absorbing aerosol concentrations due to North American boreal forest fires during summer 2004 , 2006 .

[19]  C. O'Dowd,et al.  Quantification of the carbonaceous matter origin in submicron marine aerosol by 13 C and 14 C isotope analysis , 2011 .

[20]  J. F. Hopper,et al.  Meteorological aspects of the 1992 Polar Sunrise Experiment , 1994 .

[21]  U. Riebesell,et al.  Carbon acquisition and growth of Antarctic sea ice diatoms in closed bottle incubations. , 1996 .

[22]  R. Dunbar,et al.  Carbon 13/Carbon 12 ratios of sedimentary organic matter from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: A record of phytoplankton bloom dynamics , 2000 .

[23]  R. Goericke,et al.  Variations of marine plankton δ13C with latitude, temperature, and dissolved CO2 in the world ocean , 1994 .

[24]  A. Stohl,et al.  Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling , 2019, Science Advances.

[25]  P. Pilewskie,et al.  Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project , 2010 .

[26]  D. Ceburnis,et al.  Sources and atmospheric processing of size segregated aerosol particles revealed by stable carbon isotope ratios and chemical speciation. , 2018, Environmental pollution.

[27]  Gerhard Wotawa,et al.  Inter‐annual variability of summertime CO concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere explained by boreal forest fires in North America and Russia , 2001 .

[28]  K. Hobson,et al.  Trophic relationships and pelagic-benthic coupling during summer in the Barents Sea Marginal Ice Zone, revealed by stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements , 2006 .

[29]  J. Goldammer,et al.  Modeling of carbonaceous particles emitted by boreal and temperate wildfires at northern latitudes , 2000 .

[30]  Keith A. Hobson,et al.  A stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) model for the North Water food web: implications for evaluating trophodynamics and the flow of energy and contaminants , 2002 .

[31]  J. Randerson,et al.  Black carbon aerosol dynamics and isotopic composition in Alaska linked with boreal fire emissions and depth of burn in organic soils , 2015 .

[32]  Mian Chin,et al.  Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts , 2009 .

[33]  T. Trull,et al.  Sedimentation of 13C-rich organic matter from Antarctic sea-ice algae: A potential indicator of past sea-ice extent , 1999 .

[34]  A. Stohl,et al.  The sources of atmospheric black carbon at a European gateway to the Arctic , 2016, Nature Communications.

[35]  P. Buseck,et al.  Airborne minerals and related aerosol particles: effects on climate and the environment. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  Glenn Rolph,et al.  Real-time Environmental Applications and Display sYstem: READY , 2017, Environ. Model. Softw..

[37]  L. P. Golobokova,et al.  Measurements of Physicochemical Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosol at Research Station Ice Base Cape Baranov in 2018 , 2019, Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics.

[38]  D. Ceburnis,et al.  Elucidating carbonaceous aerosol sources by the stable carbon δ13CTC ratio in size-segregated particles , 2015 .

[39]  Shamil Maksyutov,et al.  16‐year simulation of Arctic black carbon: Transport, source contribution, and sensitivity analysis on deposition , 2013 .

[40]  D. Koch,et al.  The Impact of Short-Lived Pollutants on Arctic Climate , 2010 .