Removal of virus to protozoan sized particles in point-of-use ceramic water filters.

The particle removal performance of point-of-use ceramic water filters (CWFs) was characterized in the size range of 0.02-100 microm using carboxylate-coated polystyrene fluorescent microspheres, natural particles and clay. Particles were spiked into dechlorinated tap water, and three successive water batches treated in each of six different CWFs. Particle removal generally increased with increasing size. The removal of virus-sized 0.02 and 0.1 microm spheres were highly variable between the six filters, ranging from 63 to 99.6%. For the 0.5 microm spheres removal was less variable and in the range of 95.1-99.6%, while for the 1, 2, 4.5, and 10 microm spheres removal was >99.6%. Recoating four of the CWFs with colloidal silver solution improved removal of the 0.02 microm spheres, but had no significant effects on the other particle sizes. Log removals of 1.8-3.2 were found for natural turbidity and spiked kaolin clay particles; however, particles as large as 95 microm were detected in filtered water.

[1]  C. Woldringh,et al.  Variation in Escherichia coli buoyant density measured in Percoll gradients , 1981, Journal of bacteriology.

[2]  Jothikumar Narayanan,et al.  Development of a Rapid Method for Simultaneous Recovery of Diverse Microbes in Drinking Water by Ultrafiltration with Sodium Polyphosphate and Surfactants , 2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[3]  Charles F. Brush,et al.  Influence of Pretreatment and Experimental Conditions on Electrophoretic Mobility and Hydrophobicity of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[4]  T. Tennikova,et al.  Monodisperse carboxylated polystyrene particles: synthesis, electrokinetic and adsorptive properties , 2005 .

[5]  Joe Brown,et al.  Effectiveness of ceramic filtration for drinking water treatment in Cambodia , 2007 .

[6]  S. Hassanizadeh,et al.  Bacteriophages and Clostridium spores as indicator organisms for removal of pathogens by passage through saturated dune sand. , 2003, Water research.

[7]  R. Hozalski,et al.  Evaluation of microspheres as surrogates for Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in filtration experiments. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[8]  M. Hochella,et al.  Experimentally derived sticking efficiencies of microparticles using atomic force microscopy. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[9]  D. Hendricks,et al.  Filtration removals of microorganisms and particles , 2005 .

[10]  D. van Halem,et al.  Ceramic silver-impregnated pot filters for household drinking water treatment in developing countries: material characterization and performance study , 2006 .

[11]  James A. Smith,et al.  Sustainable colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filter for point-of-use water treatment. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[12]  Mark Hernandez,et al.  Fluorescent microspheres as virion surrogates in low-pressure membrane studies , 2009 .

[13]  Kate Kowalski,et al.  Bacterial treatment effectiveness of point-of-use ceramic water filters. , 2009, Water research.

[14]  S. Roy,et al.  Particle characteristics and their influence on dewatering of kaolin, calcite and quartz suspensions , 2000 .

[15]  J. Zhuang,et al.  Transport and retention of a bacteriophage and microspheres in saturated, angular porous media: effects of ionic strength and grain size. , 2008, Water research.

[16]  D. Rowlands,et al.  Buoyant density of picornaviruses in caesium salts. , 1971, The Journal of general virology.

[17]  J. Långmark,et al.  Accumulation and Fate of Microorganisms and Microspheres in Biofilms Formed in a Pilot-Scale Water Distribution System , 2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[18]  H. Kimura,et al.  A Highly Effective Method for Removing Suspended Poliovirus from Water Using a Positively‐Charged Carbon Felt Electrode , 2004, Microbiology and immunology.

[19]  J. S. Reed,et al.  Adsorption of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose in an Aqueous System Containing Multicomponent Oxide Particles , 2004 .

[20]  Ali Beskok,et al.  Zeta Potential of Selected Bacteria in Drinking Water When Dead, Starved, or Exposed to Minimal and Rich Culture Media , 2007, Current Microbiology.

[21]  Chihpin Huang,et al.  Influence of ionic strength and pH on hydrophobicity and zeta potential of Giardia and Cryptosporidium , 2002 .

[22]  P. Teunis,et al.  Sedimentation of Free and AttachedCryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts in Water , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[23]  Melissa Lenczewski,et al.  Bacteriophage and microsphere transport in saturated porous media: Forced‐gradient experiment at Borden, Ontario , 1997 .

[24]  M. Emelko,et al.  Microspheres as Surrogates for Cryptosporidium Filtration , 2004 .